Staff Profile

Biography

Professor Clifford is Chair of Molecular Paediatric Oncology and directs the Newcastle University Centre for Cancer. He co-leads our Childhood Brain Tumour Research team (~30 scientists/clinicians), with major interests in understanding the biological basis of embryonal brain tumour development (principally medulloblastoma), and translating these findings into improved clinical treatments.

His international bench-to-bedside programme in medulloblastoma has been central to advances in childhood neuro-oncology research and international clinical trials over the last two decades. His team has made fundamental discoveries through advanced genomic, biomarker, trials and functional studies, and translated these into improved molecular diagnostics, risk-stratification, and therapeutics.

These discoveries now form the basis of medulloblastoma diagnostic sub-classification internationally (WHO classifications, 2016 & 2021), and he helped pioneer first clinical trials of biomarker-driven risk-adapted personalised therapies (e.g. SIOP-PNET5-MB/HR-MB) and state-of-the-art diagnostics across Europe. The UK leads worldwide in delivering these for all patients, through the National Reference Centre in Newcastle.

Clifford plays leading roles in national (CCLG, NCRI) and international (SIOP-Europe, ITCC-Brain) research networks and clinical trials in medulloblastoma. His research is supported by programme grants from Cancer Research UK, Children with Cancer UK, CCLG/The Little Princess Trust and Children's Cancer North, and he has published over 145 peer-reviewed papers with >29,000 citations.

He is passionate about training the next-generation of cancer researchers and clinicians; he leads under-graduate modules in Cancer at Newcastle University, supervises (>30 to date) and regularly examines MD and PhD candidates.

Prof. Clifford is Chair of the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) CNS tumours group. He sits on steering committees including the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group executive and ITCC-Brain committee, and on advisory panels for organisations including The Brain Tumour Charity (SAB Chair), Cancer Research UK, The Tessa Jowell Brain Cancer Mission, The French National Cancer Institute (INCa) and The Singapore Medical Research Council. He is a Trustee of the JGWP charitable foundation and 'Children with Cancer in Malawi', a charitable outreach programme for children’s cancer care in Africa.

He was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (2021), and awarded Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2022), in recognition of his achievements in translational paediatric oncology 

Education

• BSc (Hons) in Applied Biology (1st class), Cardiff University (1991)
• PhD in Cancer Molecular Biology, University of Newcastle (1994)

Positions

• 2022 Fellowship (Honorary) of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (FRCPCH)
• 2021 Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci)
• 2019-Present Director, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 2018-19 Director, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 2012-17 Lead, Childhood Cancer Research Theme, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 2009-Present Professor of Molecular Paediatric Oncology, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 2005-09 Senior Lecturer, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 2000-05 Lecturer, Cancer Research Unit & Dept. Child Health, Newcastle University, U.K.
• 1997-2000 MRC Research Fellowship, Universities of Oxford and Birmingham, U.K.
• 1995-97 Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, University of Cambridge, U.K.

Memberships

• UK Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG)
• International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP)
• American Association for Cancer Research
• British Association for Cancer Research
• European Association for Cancer Research

Google scholar profile here

Go to the Childhood Brain Tumour Research Group homepage

Research Interests

• The molecular basis of paediatric brain tumour development
• Molecular diagnostics for improved treatment individualisation in paediatric brain tumour patients
• Development and pre-clinical assessment of novel therapies for paediatric tumours

Areas of expertise

• Translational oncology; Paediatric oncology; Brain tumours; Medulloblastoma; Biomarkers; Novel therapies

Research Roles

• Chair, UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) CNS tumours group
• UK NCRI Children's Cancer & Leukaemia Clinical Studies Group, New Agents Group
• UK Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) Biological Studies Steering Committee (2002-2023)
• Director, National and European reference centre for molecular diagnostics, pathology review and biological studies in medulloblastoma clinical trials
• International Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP-Europe) Brain Tumour Committee & Embryonal Tumour group
• SIOP-Europe Embryonal Tumour Biology Group (founding Chair, 2007-2016)
• ITCC-Brain committee: pan-European pre-clinical and early clinical coordinating group
• Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, The Brain Tumour Charity
• Scientific Monitoring Committee, Medical Research Council of Singapore
• Advisory panel memberships including Cancer Research UK, French National Cancer Institute and ad-hoc panels
• Advisory Board, The Tessa Jowell Brain Cancer MIssion

Funders

• Blue Skye Thinking (www.blueskyethinking.org)
• The Brain Tumour Charity (www. thebraintumourcharity.org)
• Cancer Research UK (CR-UK) (www.cancerresearchuk.org)
• Children's Cancer North (www.ccn.org.uk)
• Children with Cancer UK (www.childrenwithcancer.org.uk)
• The Little Princess Trust (https://www.littleprincesses.org.uk/)
• Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (www.cclg.org)
• LoveOliver (www.loveoliver.org.uk)
• Star for Harris (www.starforharris.co.uk)
• The Tom Grahame Trust (www.tomgrahame.com)

Undergraduate Teaching

• Module leader, BMS3012 “Cancer Biology and Therapy”, 3rd year undergraduate module, BSc in Biomedical Sciences.
• BGM3024 and BGM3065 "The Molecular Basis of Cancer", 3rd yr undergraduate module, BSc programmes.

Postgraduate Teaching

• Post Graduate Co-ordinator, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University (2007-2017).
• On-line teaching module for MSc in Oncology and Palliative Care.

External examiner

• Cambridge University MRes in Oncology (2018-2022)

Postgraduate Supervision

• MRes students
• PhD students
• Clinical Fellows
• MRes/MSci project students
• NHS Academic Foundation Programme, Academic Clinical Lecturers

• Articles

  • Keeling C, Davies S, Goddard J, Ramaswamy V, Schwalbe EC, Bailey S, Hicks D, Clifford SC. The clinical significance of sub-total surgical resection in childhood medulloblastoma: a multi-cohort analysis of 1100 patients. eClinicalMedicine 2024, 69, 102469.
  • Kohe S, Bennett C, Burte F, Adiamah M, Rose H, Worthington L, Scerif F, MacPherson L, Gill S, Hicks D, Schwalbe EC, Crosier S, Storer L, Lourdusamy A, Mitra D, Morgan PS, Dineen RA, Avula S, Pizer B, Wilson M, Davies N, Tennant D, Bailey S, Williamson D, Arvanitis TN, Grundy RG, Clifford SC, Peet AC. Metabolite profiles of medulloblastoma for rapid and non-invasive detection of molecular disease groups. eBioMedicine 2024, 100, 104958.
  • Castle J, Shaw G, Weller D, Fielder E, Egnuni T, Singh M, Skinner R, Von Zglinicki T, Clifford SC, Short SC, Miwa S, Hicks D. In vivo modeling recapitulates radiotherapy delivery and late-effect profile for childhood medulloblastoma. Neuro-Oncology Advances 2024, 6(1), vdae091.
  • Erker C, Mynarek M, Bailey S, Mazewski CM, Baroni L, Massimino M, Hukin J, Aguilera D, Cappellano AM, Ramaswamy V, Lassaletta A, Perreault S, Kline CN, Rajagopal R, Michaiel G, Zapotocky M, Santa-Maria Lopez V, La Madrid AM, Cacciotti C, Sandler ES, Hoffman LM, Klawinski D, Khan S, Salloum R, Hoppmann AL, Larouche V, Dorris K, Toledano H, Gilheeney SW, Abdelbaki MS, Wilson B, Tsang DS, Knipstein J, Oren MY, Shah S, Murray JC, Ginn KF, Wang ZJ, Fleischhack G, Obrecht D, Tonn S, Harrod VL, Matheson K, Crooks B, Strother DR, Cohen KJ, Hansford JR, Mueller S, Margol A, Gajjar A, Dhall G, Finlay JL, Northcott PA, Rutkowski S, Clifford SC, Robinson G, Bouffet E, Lafay-Cousin L. Outcomes of Infants and Young Children With Relapsed Medulloblastoma After Initial Craniospinal Irradiation-Sparing Approaches: An International Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2023, 41(10), 1921-1932.
  • Goddard J, Castle J, Southworth E, Fletcher A, Crosier S, Martin-Guerrero I, Garcia-Ariza M, Navajas A, Masliah-Planchon J, Bourdeaut F, Dufour C, Ayrault O, Goschzik T, Pietsch T, Sill M, Pfister SM, Rutkowski S, Richardson S, Hill RM, Williamson D, Bailey S, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Hicks D. Molecular characterisation defines clinically-actionable heterogeneity within Group 4 medulloblastoma and improves disease risk-stratification. Acta Neuropathologica 2023, 145, 651–666.
  • Linke F, Johnson JEC, Kern S, Bennett CD, Lourdusamy A, Lea D, Clifford SC, Merry CLR, Stolnik S, Alexander MR, Peet AC, Scurr DJ, Griffiths RL, Grabowska AM, Kerr ID, Coyle B. Identifying new biomarkers of aggressive Group 3 and SHH medulloblastoma using 3D hydrogel models, single cell RNA sequencing and 3D OrbiSIMS imaging. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2023, 11(1), 6.
  • Hacking JPR, Thompson D, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Williamson D. Deriving a continuum score for group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma tumor samples analyzed via RNA-sequencing or DNA methylation microarray. STAR Protocols 2023, 4(3), 102509.
  • Kolodziejczak AS, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Planchon JM, Ecker J, Selt F, Mynarek M, Obrecht D, Sill M, Autry RJ, Stutheit-Zhao E, Hirsch S, Amouyal E, Dufour C, Ayrault O, Torrejon J, Waszak SM, Ramaswamy V, Pentikainen V, Demir HA, Clifford SC, Schwalbe EC, Massimi L, Snuderl M, Galbraith K, Karajannis MA, Hill K, Li BK, Walsh M, White CL, Redmond S, Loizos L, Jakob M, Kordes UR, Schmid I, Hauer J, Blattmann C, Filippidou M, Piccolo G, Scheurlen W, Farrag A, Grund K, Sutter C, Pietsch T, Frank S, Schewe DM, Malkin D, Ben-Arush M, Sehested A, Wong T-T, Wu K-S, Liu Y-L, Carceller F, Mueller S, Stoller S, Taylor MD, Tabori U, Bouffet E, Kool M, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Korshunov A, von Hoff K, Kratz CP, Sturm D, Jones DTW, Rutkowski S, van Tilburg CM, Witt O, Bougeard G, Pajtler KW, Pfister SM, Bourdeaut F, Milde T. Clinical outcome of pediatric medulloblastoma patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Neuro-Oncology 2023, 25(12), 2273-2286.
  • Mainwaring OJ, Weishaupt H, Zhao M, Rosen G, Borgenvik A, Breinschmid L, Verbaan AD, Richardson S, Thompson D, Clifford SC, Hill RM, Annusver K, Sundstrom A, Holmberg KO, Kasper M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. ARF suppression by MYC but not MYCN confers increased malignancy of aggressive pediatric brain tumors. Nature Communications 2023, 14(1), 1221.
  • Danilenko M, Zaka M, Keeling C, Crosier S, Lyman S, Finetti M, Williamson D, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Zhou P, Hill RM, Hicks D, Rand V, Joshi A, Schwalbe EC, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Single-cell DNA sequencing identifies risk-associated clonal complexity and evolutionary trajectories in childhood medulloblastoma development. Acta Neuropathologica 2022, 144, 565–578.
  • Williamson D, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Aldinger KA, Lindsey JC, Crosier S, Richardson S, Goddard J, Hill RM, Castle J, Grabovska Y, Hacking J, Pizer B, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Joshi A, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Medulloblastoma group 3 and 4 tumors comprise a clinically and biologically significant expression continuum reflecting human cerebellar development. Cell Reports 2022, 40(5), 111162.
  • Borgenvik A, Holmberg KO, Bolin S, Zhao M, Savov V, Rosen G, Hutter S, Garancher A, Rahmanto AS, Bergstrom T, Olsen TK, Mainwaring OJ, Sattanino D, Verbaan AD, Rusert JM, Sundstrom A, Bravo MB, Dang Y, Wenz AS, Richardson S, Fotaki G, Hill RM, Dubuc AM, Kalushkova A, Remke M, Cancer M, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Giraud G, Chen X, Taylor MD, Sangfelt O, Clifford SC, Schuller U, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. Dormant SOX9-Positive Cells Facilitate MYC-Driven Recurrence of Medulloblastoma. Cancer Research 2022, 82(24), 4586-4603.
  • Chen Z, Ioris RM, Richardson S, Van Ess AN, Vendrell I, Kessler BM, Buffa FM, Busino L, Clifford SC, Bullock AN, D'Angiolella V. Disease-associated KBTBD4 mutations in medulloblastoma elicit neomorphic ubiquitylation activity to promote CoREST degradation. Cell Death and Differentiation 2022, 29, 1955-1969.
  • Rossi M, Talbot J, Piris P, Grand ML, Montero M-P, Matteudi M, Agavnian-Couquiaud E, Appay R, Keime C, Williamson D, Buric D, Bourgarel V, Padovani L, Clifford SC, Ayrault O, Pasquier E, Andre N, Carre M. Beta-blockers disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetics and increase radiotherapy efficacy independently of beta-adrenergic receptors in medulloblastoma. eBioMedicine 2022, 82, 104149.
  • Hicks D, Rafiee G, Schwalbe EC, Howell CI, Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Smith AJ, Adidharma P, Steel C, Richardson S, Pease L, Danilenko M, Crosier S, Joshi A, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Pizer B, Michalski A, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford SC. The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma: prognostic significance of second-generation subtypes. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2021, 47(2), 236-250.
  • Badodi S, Pomella N, Zhang X, Rosser G, Whittingham J, Niklison-Chirou MV, Lim YM, Brandner S, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Bennett CD, Clifford SC, Peet A, Basson MA, Marino S. Inositol treatment inhibits medulloblastoma through suppression of epigenetic-driven metabolic adaptation. Nature Communications 2021, 12(1), 2148.
  • Grist JT, Withey S, Bennett C, Rose HEL, MacPherson L, Oates A, Powell S, Novak J, Abernethy L, Pizer B, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Mitra D, Arvanitis TN, Auer DP, Avula S, Grundy R, Peet AC. Combining multi-site magnetic resonance imaging with machine learning predicts survival in pediatric brain tumors. Scientific Reports 2021, 11(1), 18897.
  • Crosier S, Hicks D, Schwalbe EC, Williamson D, Leigh Nicholson S, Smith A, Lindsey JC, Michalski A, Pizer B, Bailey S, Bown N, Cuthbert G, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Joshi A, Clifford SC. Advanced molecular pathology for rare tumours: A national feasibility study and model for centralised medulloblastoma diagnostics. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2021, 47(6), 736-747.
  • Malins S, Owen R, Wright I, Borrill H, Limond J, Gibson F, Grundy RG, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Lowis S, Lemon J, Hayes L, Thomas S. Acceptance and commitment therapy for young brain tumour survivors: Study protocol for an acceptability and feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2021, 11(6), e051091.
  • Penco-Campillo M, Comoglio Y, Feliz Morel AJ, Hanna R, Durivault J, Leloire M, Mejias B, Pagnuzzi M, Morot A, Burel-Vandenbos F, Selby M, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Claren A, Doyen J, Picco V, Martial S, Pages G. VEGFC negatively regulates the growth and aggressiveness of medulloblastoma cells. Communications Biology 2020, 3(1), 579.
  • Hill RM, Richardson S, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Lindsey JC, Crosier S, Rafiee G, Grabovska Y, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Michalski A, Joshi A, Pizer B, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Time, pattern, and outcome of medulloblastoma relapse and their association with tumour biology at diagnosis and therapy: a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health 2020, 4(12), 865-874.
  • Grabovska Y, Mackay A, O'Hare P, Crosier S, Finetti M, Schwalbe EC, Pickles JC, Fairchild AR, Avery A, Cockle J, Hill R, Lindsey J, Hicks D, Kristiansen M, Chalker J, Anderson J, Hargrave D, Jacques TS, Straathof K, Bailey S, Jones C, Clifford SC, Williamson D. Pediatric pan-central nervous system tumor analysis of immune-cell infiltration identifies correlates of antitumor immunity. Nature Communications 2020, 11(1), 4324.
  • Dietzsch S, Placzek F, Pietschmann K, von Bueren AO, Matuschek C, Gluck A, Guckenberger M, Budach V, Welzel J, Pottgen C, Schmidberger H, Heinzelmann F, Paulsen F, Escudero MP, Schwarz R, Hornung D, Martini C, Grosu AL, Stueben G, Jablonska K, Dunst J, Stranzl-Lawatsch H, Dieckmann K, Timmermann B, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Bison B, Kwiecien R, Benesch M, Gerber NU, Grotzer MA, Pfister SM, Clifford SC, von Hoff K, Klagges S, Rutkowski S, Kortmann R-D, Mynarek M. Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Role of Participation in a Randomized Trial or a Prospective Registry in Pediatric and Adolescent Nonmetastatic Medulloblastoma – A Report From the HIT 2000 Trial. Advances in Radiation Oncology 2020, 5(3), 1158-1169.
  • Sharma T, Schwalbe EC, Williamson D, Sill M, Hovestadt V, Mynarek M, Rutkowski S, Robinson GW, Gajjar A, Cavalli F, Ramaswamy V, Taylor MD, Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Jager N, Korshunov A, Hicks D, Bailey S, Kool M, Chavez L, Northcott PA, Pfister SM, Clifford SC. Second-generation molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis of Group 3 and Group 4 subtypes. Acta Neuropathologica 2019, 138, 309-326.
  • Stock A, Mynarek M, Pietsch T, Pfister SM, Clifford SC, Goschzik T, Sturm D, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Rutkowski S, Bison B, Pham M, Warmuth-Metz M. Imaging Characteristics of Wingless Pathway Subgroup Medulloblastomas: Results from the German HIT/SIOP-Trial Cohort. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2019, 40(11), 1811-1817.
  • Pickles JC, Fairchild AR, Stone TJ, Brownlee L, Merve A, Yasin SA, Avery A, Ahmed SW, Ogunbiyi O, Gonzalez-Zapata J, Peary AF, Edwards M, Wilkhu L, Dryden C, Ladon D, Kristiansen M, Rowe C, Kurian KM, Nicoll JAR, Mitchell C, Bloom T, Hilton DA, Al-Sarraj S, Doey L, Johns PN, Bridges LR, Chakrabarty A, Ismail A, Rathi N, Syed K, Lammie GA, Limback-Stanic C, Smith C, Torgersen A, Rae F, Hill RM, Clifford SC, Grabovska Y, Williamson D, Clarke M, Jones C, Capper D, Sill M, vonDeimling A, Pfister SM, Jones DTW, Hargrave D, Chalker J, Jacques TS. DNA methylation-based profiling for paediatric CNS tumour diagnosis and treatment: a population-based study. Lancet Child and Adolescent Health 2019, 4(2), 121-130.
  • Goschzik T, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Smith A, zur Muehlen A, Figarella-Branger D, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Lannering B, Pietsch T, Clifford SC. Prognostic impact of whole chromosomal 1 aberration signatures in standard-risk non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma: a retrospective molecular analysis of the HIT-SIOP-PNET4 clinical trial. The Lancet Oncology 2018, 19(12), 1602-1616.
  • Niklison-Chirou MV, Erngren I, Engskog M, Haglof J, Picard D, Remke M, McPolin PHR, Selby M, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Michod D, Hadjiandreou M, Arvidsson T, Pettersson C, Melino G, Marino S. TAp73 is a marker of glutamine addiction in medulloblastoma. Genes and Development 2017, 31(17), 1738-1753.
  • Schwalbe EC, Lindsey JC, Nakjang S, Crosier S, Smith AJ, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Hill RM, Iliasova A, Stone T, Pizer B, Michalski A, Joshi A, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford SC. Novel molecular subgroups for clinical classification and outcome prediction in childhood medulloblastoma: a cohort study. The Lancet Oncology 2017, 18(7), 958-971.
  • Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Bashton M, Gohlke H, Enshaei A, Potluri S, Matthiesen J, Mather M, Taleongpong P, Chaston R, Silmon A, Curtis A, Lindsey JC, Crosier S, Smith AJ, Goschzik T, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Lannering B, Pietsch T, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford SC. Minimal methylation classifier (MIMIC): A novel method for derivation and rapid diagnostic detection of disease-associated DNA methylation signatures. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 13421.
  • Izquierdo E, Yuan L, George S, Hubank M, Jones C, Proszek P, Shipley J, Gatz SA, Stinson C, Moore AS, Clifford SC, Hicks D, Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Jacques TS, Chalker J, Thway K, O'Connor S, Marshall L, Moreno L, Pearson A, Chesler L, Walker BA, De Castro DG. Development of a targeted sequencing approach to identify prognostic, predictive and diagnostic markers in paediatric solid tumours. Oncotarget 2017, 8(67), 112036-112050.
  • Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Doz F, Kool M, Dufour C, Vassal G, Milde T, Witt O, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Northcott PA, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Padovani L, Andre N, Massimino M, Pizer B, Packer R, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pomeroy SL. Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathologica 2016, 131(6), 821-831.
  • Sabel M, Fleischhack G, Tippelt S, Gustafsson G, Doz F, Kortmann R, Massimino M, Navajas A, von Hoff K, Rutkowski S, Warmuth-Metz M, Clifford SC, Pietsch T, Pizer B, Lannering B, SIOP-E Brain Tumour Grp. Relapse patterns and outcome after relapse in standard risk medulloblastoma: a report from the HIT-SIOP-PNET4 study. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2016, 129(3), 515-524.
  • Morrissy AS, Garzia L, Shih DJH, Zuyderduyn S, Huang X, Skowron P, Remke M, Cavalli FMG, Ramaswamy V, Lindsay PE, Jelveh S, Donovan LK, Wang X, Luu B, Zayne K, Li YS, Mayoh C, Thiessen N, Mercier E, Mungall KL, Ma Y, Tse K, Zeng T, Shumansky K, Roth AJL, Shah S, Farooq H, Kijima N, Holgado BL, Lee JJY, Matan-Lithwick S, Liu J, Mack SC, Manno A, Michealraj KA, Nor C, Peacock J, Qin L, Reimand J, Rolider A, Thompson YY, Wu XC, Pugh T, Ally A, Bilenky M, Butterfield YSN, Carlsen R, Cheng Y, Chuah E, Corbett RD, Dhalla N, He A, Lee D, Li HYI, Long W, Mayo M, Plettner P, Qian JQ, Schein JE, Tam A, Wong T, Birol I, Zhao YJ, Faria CC, Pimentel J, Nunes S, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Li XN, Bendel AE, Fults DW, Walter AW, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Collins VP, Cho YJ, Hoffman C, Lyden D, Wisoff JH, Garvin JH, Stearns DS, Massimi L, Schuller U, Sterba J, Zitterbart K, Puget S, Ayrault O, Dunn SE, Tirapelli DPC, Carlotti CG, Wheeler H, Hallahan AR, Ingram W, MacDonald TJ, Olson JJ, Van Meir EG, Lee JY, Wang KC, Kim SK, Cho BK, Pietsch T, Fleischhack G, Tippelt S, Ra YS, Bailey S, Lindsey JC, Clifford SC, Eberhart CG, Cooper MK, Packer RJ, Massimino M, Garre ML, Bartels U, Tabori U, Hawkins CE, Dirks P, Bouffet E, Rutka JT, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weiss WA, Collier LS, Dupuy AJ, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, Kool M, Northcott PA, Pfister SM, Largaespada DA, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Jabado N, Bader GD, Jones SJM, Malkin D, Marra MA, Taylor MD. Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence. Nature 2016, 529(7586), 351-357.
  • Gabriel AS, Lafta FM, Schwalbe EC, Nakjang S, Cockell SJ, Iliasova A, Enshaei A, Schwab C, Rand V, Clifford SC, Kinsey SE, Mitchell CD, Vora A, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Strathdee G. Epigenetic landscape correlates with genetic subtype but does not predict outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetics 2015, 10(8), 717-726.
  • Lindsey JC, Kawauchi D, Schwalbe EC, Solecki DJ, Selby MP, McKinnon PJ, Olson JM, Hayden JT, Grundy RG, Ellison DW, Williamson D, Bailey S, Roussel MF, Clifford SC. Cross-species epigenetics identifies a critical role for VAV1 in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma maintenance. Oncogene 2015, 34(36), 4746-4757.
  • Hill RM, Kuijper S, Lindsey JC, Petrie K, Schwalbe EC, Barker K, Boult JKR, Williamson D, Ahmad Z, Hallsworth A, Ryan SL, Poon E, Robinson SP, Ruddle R, Raynaud FI, Howell L, Kwok C, Joshi A, Nicholson SL, Crosier S, Ellison DW, Wharton SB, Robson K, Michalski A, Hargrave D, Jacques TS, Pizer B, Bailey S, Swartling FJ, Weiss WA, Chesler L, Clifford SC. Combined MYC and P53 Defects Emerge at Medulloblastoma Relapse and Define Rapidly Progressive, Therapeutically Targetable Disease. Cancer Cell 2015, 27(1), 72-84.
  • Clifford SC, Lannering B, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, O'Toole K, Nicholson SL, Goschzik T, Zur-Mühlen A, Figarella-Branger D, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Gustafsson G, Pietsch T. Biomarker-driven stratification of disease-risk in non-metastatic medulloblastoma: Results from the multi-center HIT-SIOP-PNET4 clinical trial. Oncotarget 2015, 6(36), 38827-38839.
  • Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Martin DC, Castelo-Branco P, Zhang CH, Fraser M, Tse K, Poon R, Shih DJH, Baskin B, Ray PN, Bouffet E, Dirks P, von Bueren AO, Pfaff E, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pugh TJ, Pomeroy SL, Cho Y-J, Pietsch T, Gessi M, Rutkowski S, Bognar L, Cho B-K, Eberhart CG, Conter CF, Fouladi M, French PJ, Grajkowska WA, Gupta N, Hauser P, Jabado N, Vasiljevic A, Jung S, Kim S-K, Klekner A, Kumabe T, Lach B, Leonard JR, Liau LM, Massimi L, Pollack IF, Ra YS, Rubin JB, Van Meir EG, Wang K-C, Weiss WA, Zitterbart K, Bristow RG, Alman B, Hawkins CE, Malkin D, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Tabori U. WNT activation by lithium abrogates TP53 mutation associated radiation resistance in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2014, 2, 174.
  • Gottardo NG, Hansford JR, McGlade JP, Alvaro F, Ashley DM, Bailey S, Baker DL, Bourdeaut F, Cho YJ, Clay M, Clifford SC, Cohn RJ, Cole CH, Dallas PB, Downie P, Doz F, Ellison DW, Endersby R, Fisher PG, Hassall T, Heath JA, Hii HL, Jones DTW, Junckerstorff R, Kellie S, Kool M, Kotecha RS, Lichter P, Laughton SJ, Lee S, McCowage G, Northcott PA, Olson JM, Packer RJ, Pfister SM, Pietsch T, Pizer B, Pomeroy SL, Remke M, Robinson GW, Rutkowski S, Schoep T, Shelat AA, Stewart CF, Sullivan M, Taylor MD, Wainwright B, Walwyn T, Weiss WA, Williamson D, Gajjar A. Medulloblastoma Down Under 2013: a report from the third annual meeting of the International Medulloblastoma Working Group. Acta Neuropathologica 2014, 127(2), 189-201.
  • Unland R, Kerl K, Schlosser S, Farwick N, Plagemann T, Lechtape B, Clifford SC, Kreth JH, Gerss J, Muhlisch J, Richter GHS, Hasselblatt M, Fruhwald MC. Epigenetic repression of the dopamine receptor D4 in pediatric tumors of the central nervous system. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2014, 116(2), 237-249.
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  • Spence T, Sin-Chan P, Picard D, Barszczyk M, Hoss K, Lu M, Kim SK, Ra YS, Nakamura H, Fangusaro J, Hwang E, Kiehna E, Toledano H, Wang Y, Shi Q, Johnston D, Michaud J, La Spina M, Buccoliero AM, Adamek D, Camelo-Piragua S, Collins VP, Jones C, Kabbara N, Jurdi N, Varlet P, Perry A, Scharnhorst D, Fan X, Muraszko KM, Eberhart CG, Ng HK, Gururangan S, Van Meter T, Remke M, Lafay-Cousin L, Chan JA, Sirachainan N, Pomeroy SL, Clifford SC, Gajjar A, Shago M, Halliday W, Taylor MD, Grundy R, Lau CC, Phillips J, Bouffet E, Dirks PB, Hawkins CE, Huang A. CNS-PNETs with C19MC amplification and/or LIN28 expression comprise a distinct histogenetic diagnostic and therapeutic entity. Acta Neuropathologica 2014, 128(2), 291-303.
  • Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJ, Martin DC, Castelo-Branco P, Baskin B, Ray PN, Bouffet E, von-Bueren AO, Jones DT, Northcott PA, Kool M, Sturm D, Pugh TJ, Pomeroy SL, Cho YJ, Pietsch T, Gessi M, Rutkowski S, Bognar L, Klekner A, Cho BK, Kim SK, Wang KC, Eberhart CG, Fevre-Montange M, Fouladi M, French PJ, Kros M, Grajkowska WA, Gupta N, Weiss WA, Hauser P, Jabado N, Jouvet A, Jung S, Kumabe T, Lach B, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, Liau LM, Massimi L, Pollack IF, Shin-Ra Y, Van-Meir EG, Zitterbart K, Schüller U, Hill RM, Lindsey JC, Schwalbe EC, Bailey S, Ellison DW, Hawkins C, Malkin D, Clifford SC, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Taylor MD, Tabori U. Subgroup-Specific Prognostic Implications of TP53 Mutation in Medulloblastoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013, 31(23), 2927-2935.
  • Hartsink-Segers SA, Exalto C, Allen M, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Horstmann M, Caron HN, Pieters R, Den Boer ML. Inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 causes growth reduction and apoptosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2013, 98(10), 1539-1546.
  • Łastowska M, Al-Afghani H, Al-Balool HH, Sheth H, Mercer E, Coxhead JM, Redfern CPF, Peters H, Burt AD, Santibanez-Koref M, Bacon CM, Chesler L, Rust AG, Adams DJ, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Jackson MS. Identification of a neuronal transcription factor network involved in medulloblastoma development. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2013, 1, 35.
  • Schwalbe EC, Williamson D, Lindsey JC, Hamilton D, Ryan SL, Megahed H, Garami M, Hauser P, Dembowska-Baginska B, Perek D, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Taylor RE, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. DNA methylation profiling of medulloblastoma allows robust subclassification and improved outcome prediction using formalin-fixed biopsies. Acta Neuropathologica 2013, 125(3), 359-371.
  • Fisher J, Mitra D, Price L, Lewis J, Johnstone H, Gerrard A, Hale J, Clifford SC, Bailey S. The importance of biopsy following radiological diagnosis of relapsed medulloblastoma. British Journal of Neurosurgery 2012, 26(4), 542-544.
  • Rogers HA, Kilday JP, Mayne C, Ward J, Adamowicz-Brice M, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Coyle B, Grundy RG. Supratentorial and spinal pediatric ependymomas display a hypermethylated phenotype which includes the loss of tumor suppressor genes involved in the control of cell growth and death. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 123(5), 711-725.
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  • Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Remke M, Cho YJ, Clifford SC, Eberhart CG, Parsons DW, Rutkowski S, Gajjar A, Ellison DW, Lichter P, Gilbertson RJ, Pomeroy SL, Kool M, Pfister SM. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 123(4), 465-472.
  • Kool M, Korshunov A, Remke M, Jones DTW, Schlanstein M, Northcott PA, Cho YJ, Koster J, Schouten-van Meeteren A, van Vuurden D, Clifford SC, Pietsch T, von Bueren AO, Rutkowski S, McCabe M, Collins VP, Backlund ML, Haberler C, Bourdeaut F, Delattre O, Doz F, Ellison DW, Gilbertson RJ, Pomeroy SL, Taylor MD, Lichter P, Pfister SM. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis of transcriptome, genetic aberrations, and clinical data of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 medulloblastomas. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 123(4), 473-484.
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  • Jones DTW, Jager N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, Cho YJ, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V, Stutz AM, Rausch T, Warnatz HJ, Ryzhova M, Bender S, Sturm D, Pleier S, Cin H, Pfaff E, Sieber L, Wittmann A, Remke M, Witt H, Hutter S, Tzaridis T, Weischenfeldt J, Raeder B, Avci M, Amstislavskiy V, Zapatka M, Weber UD, Wang Q, Lasitschka B, Bartholomae CC, Schmidt M, von Kalle C, Ast V, Lawerenz C, Eils J, Kabbe R, Benes V, van Sluis P, Koster J, Volckmann R, Shih D, Betts MJ, Russell RB, Coco S, Tonini GP, Schuller U, Hans V, Graf N, Kim YJ, Monoranu C, Roggendorf W, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Milde T, Kulozik AE, von Deimling A, Witt O, Maass E, Rossler J, Ebinger M, Schuhmann MU, Fruhwald MC, Hasselblatt M, Jabado N, Rutkowski S, von Bueren AO, Williamson D, Clifford SC, McCabe MG, Collins VP, Wolf S, Wiemann S, Lehrach H, Brors B, Scheurlen W, Felsberg J, Reifenberger G, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Meyerson M, Pomeroy SL, Yaspo ML, Korbel JO, Korshunov A, Eils R, Pfister SM, Lichter P. Dissecting the genomic complexity underlying medulloblastoma. Nature 2012, 488(7409), 100-105.
  • Korshunov A, Remke M, Kool M, Hielscher T, Northcott PA, Williamson D, Pfaff E, Witt H, Jones DTW, Ryzhova M, Cho YJ, Wittmann A, Benner A, Weiss WA, von Deimling A, Scheurlen W, Kulozik AE, Clifford SC, Collins VP, Westermann F, Taylor MD, Lichter P, Pfister SM. Biological and clinical heterogeneity of MYCN-amplified medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 123(4), 515-527.
  • Ryan SL, Schwalbe EC, Cole M, Lu Y, Lusher ME, Megahed H, O'Toole K, Nicholson SL, Bognar L, Garami M, Hauser P, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Williamson D, Taylor RE, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. MYC family amplification and clinical risk-factors interact to predict an extremely poor prognosis in childhood medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathologica 2012, 123(4), 501-513.
  • Levesley J, Lusher ME, Lindsey JC, Clifford SC, Grundy R, Coyle B. RASSF1A and the BH3-only mimetic ABT-737 promote apoptosis in pediatric medulloblastoma cell lines. Neuro-Oncology 2011, 13(12), 1265-1276.
  • Schwalbe EC, Lindsey JC, Straughton D, Hogg TL, Cole M, Megahed H, Ryan SL, Lusher ME, Taylor MD, Gilbertson RJ, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Rapid Diagnosis of Medulloblastoma Molecular Subgroups. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17(7), 1883-1894.
  • Northcott PA, Hielscher T, Dubuc A, Mack S, Shih D, Remke M, Al-Halabi H, Albrecht S, Jabado N, Eberhart CG, Grajkowska W, Weiss WA, Clifford SC, Bouffet E, Rutka JT, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Taylor MD. Pediatric and adult sonic hedgehog medulloblastomas are clinically and molecularly distinct. Acta Neuropathologica 2011, 122(2), 231-240.
  • Jeyapalan JN, Noor DAM, Lee SH, Tan CL, Appleby VA, Kilday JP, Palmer RD, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Walker DA, Murray MJ, Coleman N, Nicholson JC, Scotting PJ. Methylator phenotype of malignant germ cell tumours in children identifies strong candidates for chemotherapy resistance. British Journal of Cancer 2011, 105(4), 575-585.
  • Ellison DW, Dalton J, Kocak M, Nicholson SL, Fraga C, Neale G, Kenney AM, Brat DJ, Perry A, Yong WH, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Gilbertson RJ. Medulloblastoma: clinicopathological correlates of SHH, WNT, and non-SHH/WNT molecular subgroups. Acta Neuropathologica 2011, 121(3), 381-396.
  • Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Witt H, Hielscher T, Eberhart CG, Mack S, Bouffet E, Clifford SC, Hawkins CE, French P, Rutka JT, Pfister S, Taylor MD. Medulloblastoma Comprises Four Distinct Molecular Variants. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29(11), 1408-1414.
  • Miller S, Rogers HA, Lyon P, Rand V, Adamowicz-Brice M, Clifford SC, Hayden JT, Dyer S, Pfister S, Korshunov A, Brundler MA, Lowe J, Coyle B, Grundy RG. Genome-wide molecular characterization of central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor and pineoblastoma. Neuro-Oncology 2011, 13(8), 866-879.
  • Menghi F, Jacques TS, Barenco M, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Hubank M, Ham J. Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing in Medulloblastoma Identifies Splicing Patterns Characteristic of Normal Cerebellar Development. Cancer Research 2011, 71(6), 2045-2055.
  • Ellison DW, Kocak M, Dalton J, Megahed H, Lusher ME, Ryan SL, Zhao W, Nicholson SL, Taylor RE, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Definition of Disease-Risk Stratification Groups in Childhood Medulloblastoma Using Combined Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular Variables. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29(11), 1400-1407.
  • Gibson P, Tong YA, Robinson G, Thompson MC, Currle DS, Eden C, Kranenburg TA, Hogg T, Poppleton H, Martin J, Finkelstein D, Pounds S, Weiss A, Patay Z, Scoggins M, Ogg R, Pei YX, Yang ZJ, Brun S, Lee Y, Zindy F, Lindsey JC, Taketo MM, Boop FA, Sanford RA, Gajjar A, Clifford SC, Roussel MF, McKinnon PJ, Gutmann DH, Ellison DW, Wechsler-Reya R, Gilbertson RJ. Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins. Nature 2010, 468(7327), 1095-1099.
  • Daniel RA, Rozanska AL, Mulligan EA, Drew Y, Thomas HD, Castelbuono DJ, Hostomsky Z, Plummer ER, Tweddle DA, Boddy AV, Clifford SC, Curtin NJ. Central nervous system penetration and enhancement of temozolomide activity in childhood medulloblastoma models by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor AG-014699. British Journal of Cancer 2010, 103(10), 1588-1596.
  • Pizer BL, Clifford SC. The potential impact of tumour biology on improved clinical practice for medulloblastoma: progress towards biologically driven clinical trials. British Journal of Neurosurgery 2009, 23(4), 364-375.
  • McCabe MG, Ichimura K, Pearson DM, Liu L, Clifford SC, Ellison DW, Collins VP. Novel mechanisms of gene disruption at the medulloblastoma isodicentric 17p11 breakpoint. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 2009, 48(2), 121-131.
  • Daniel RA, Rozanska AL, Thomas HD, Mulligan EA, Drew Y, Castelbuono DJ, Hostomsky Z, Plummer ER, Boddy AV, Tweddle DA, Curtin NJ, Clifford SC. Inhibition of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Enhances Temozolomide and Topotecan Activity against Childhood Neuroblastoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 15(4), 1241-1249.
  • Lu Y, Ryan SL, Elliott DJ, Bignell GR, Futreal PA, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Amplification and overexpression of Hsa-miR-3ob, Hsa-miR-30d and KHDRBS3 at 8q24.22-q24.23 in medulloblastoma. PLoS ONE 2009, 4(7), e6159.
  • Pizer B, Clifford SC. Medulloblastoma: new insights into biology and treatment. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice 2008, 93(5), 137-44.
  • Kool M, Koster J, Bunt J, Hasselt N, Lakeman A, van Sluis P, Troost D, Schouten-van Meeteren N, Caron H, Cloos J, Mršić A, Ylstra B, Grajkowska W, Hartmann W, Pietsch T, Ellison DW, Clifford SC, Versteeg R. Integrated genomics identifies five medulloblastoma subtypes with distinct genetic profiles, pathway signatures and clinicopathological features. PLoS ONE 2008, 3(8), e3088.
  • Anderton JA, Lindsey JC, Lusher ME, Gilbertson RJ, Bailey S, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Global analysis of the medulloblastoma epigenome identifies disease-subgroup-specific inactivation of COL1A2. Neuro-oncology 2008, 10(6), 981-994.
  • McManamy CS, Pears J, Weston C, Hanzely Z, Ironside J, Taylor R, Grundy R, Clifford SC, Ellison DW. Nodule formation and desmoplasia in medulloblastomas - Defining the nodular/desmoplastic variant and its biological behavior. Brain Pathology 2007, 17(2), 151-164.
  • Lindsey JC, Lusher ME, Anderton J, Gilbertson RJ, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Epigenetic deregulation of multiple S100 gene family members by differential hypomethylation and hypermethylation events in medulloblastoma. British Journal of Cancer 2007, 97(2), 267-274.
  • Clifford SC, Lusher ME, Lindsey JC, Langdon JA, Gilbertson RJ, Straughton D, Ellison DW. Wnt/Wingless pathway activation and chromosome 6 loss characterize a distinct molecular sub-group of medulloblastomas associated with a favorable prognosis. Cell Cycle 2006, 5(22), 2666-2670.
  • Gilbertson R, Langdon J, Hollander A, Hernan R, Hogg T, Gajjar A, Fuller C, Clifford SC. Mutational analysis of PDGFR-RAS/MAPK pathway activation in childhood medulloblastoma. European Journal of Cancer 2006, 42(5), 646-649.
  • Scott D, Straughton D, Cole M, Bailey S, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Identification and analysis of tumor suppressor loci at chromosome 10q23.3-10q25.3 in medulloblastoma. Cell Cycle 2006, 5(20), 2381-2389.
  • Dharmaraj P, Ball S, Johnstone H, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Hale J, Cheetham T. Hypercalcaemia in relapsed medulloblastoma 8 years post-diagnosis; evidence to support PTHrP production by medulloblastoma cells. Hormone Research 2006, 66(6), 268-272.
  • Lindsey, J. C., Lusher, M. E., Strathdee, G. R., Brown, R., Gilbertson, R. J., Bailey, S., Ellison, D. W., Clifford, S. C. Epigenetic inactivation of MCJ (DNAJD1) in malignant paediatric brain tumours. International Journal of Cancer 2006, 118(2), 346-352.
  • Langdon JA, Lamont JM, Scott DK, Dyer S, Prebble E, Bown NP, Grundy RG, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Combined genome-wide allelotyping and copy number analysis identify frequent genetic losses without copy number reduction in medulloblastoma. Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 2006, 45(1), 47-60.
  • Onilude OE, Lusher ME, Lindsey JC, Pearson ADJ, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. APC and CTNNB1 mutations are rare in sporadic ependymomas. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 2006, 168(2), 158-161.
  • Uziel T, Zindy F, Xie SQ, Lee Y, Forget A, Magdaleno S, Rehg JE, Calabrese CR, Solecki D, Eberhart CG, Sherr SE, Plimmer S, Clifford SC, Hatten ME, McKinnon PJ, Gilbertson RJ, Curran T, Sherr CJ, Roussel MF. The tumor suppressors Ink4c and p53 collaborate independently with Patched to suppress medulloblastoma formation. Genes and Development 2005, 19(22), 2656-2667.
  • Hamilton D, Lusher M, Lindsey J, Ellison D, Clifford SC. Epigenetic inactivation of the RASSF1A tumour suppressor gene in ependymoma. Cancer Letters 2005, 227(1), 75-81.
  • Lindsey JC, Anderton JA, Lusher ME, Clifford SC. Epigenetic events in medulloblastoma development. Neurosurgical Focus 2005, 19(5), E10.
  • Ismail A, Lamont JM, Tweddle DA, Pearson ADJ, Clifford SC, Ellison DW. A 7-year-old boy with midline cerebellar mass. Brain Pathology 2005, 15(3), 261-261.
  • Ellison DW, Onilude OE, Lindsey JC, Lusher ME, Weston CL, Taylor RE, Pearson ADJ, Clifford SC. β-catenin status predicts a favorable outcome in childhood medulloblastoma: the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group Brain Tumour Committee. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005, 23(31), 7951-7957.
  • Frank AJ, Hernan R, Hollander A, Lindsey JC, Lusher ME, Fuller CE, Clifford SC, Gilbertson RJ. The TP53-ARF tumor suppressor pathway is frequently disrupted in large/cell anaplastic medulloblastoma. Molecular Brain Research 2004, 121(1-2), 137-140.
  • Lindsey JC, Lusher ME, Anderton J, Bailey S, Gilbertson R, Pearson ADJ, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Identification of tumour-specific epigenetic events in medulloblastoma development by hypermethylation profiling. Carcinogenesis 2004, 25(5), 661-668.
  • Lamont JM, McManamy CS, Pearson ADJ, Clifford SC, Ellison DW. Combined histopathological and molecular cytogenetic stratification of medulloblastoma patients. Clinical Cancer Research 2004, 10(16), 5482-5493.
  • McManamy CS, Lamont JM, Taylor RE, Cole M, Pearson ADJ, Clifford SC, Ellison DW. Morphophenotypic variation predicts clinical behavior in childhood non-desmoplastic medulloblastomas. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2003, 62(6), 627-632.
  • Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Popp M, Jones HG. Mucilages and polysaccharides in Ziziphus species (Rhamnaceae): localization, composition and physiological roles during drought-stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 2002, 53(366), 131-138.
  • Zatyka M, da Silva NF, Clifford SC, Morris MR, Wiesener MS, Eckardt KU, Houlston RS, Richards FM, Latif F, Maher ER. Identification of cyclin D1 and other novel targets for the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene by expression array analysis and investigation of cyclin D1 genotype as a modifier in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Cancer Research 2002, 62(13), 3803-3811.
  • Lusher ME, Lindsey JC, Latif F, Pearson ADJ, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Biallelic epigenetic inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene in medulloblastoma development. Cancer Research 2002, 62(20), 5906-5911.
  • Clifford SC, Maher ER. Von Hippel-Lindau disease: clinical and molecular perspectives. Advances in Cancer Research 2001, 82, 85-105.
  • Clifford SC, Astuti D, Hooper L, Maxwell PH, Ratcliffe PJ, Maher ER. The pVHL-associated SCF ubiquitin ligase complex: molecular genetic analysis of elongin B and C, Rbx1 and HIF-1alpha in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2001, 20(36), 5067-5074.
  • Clifford SC, Cockman ME, Smallwood AC, Mole DR, Woodward ER, Maxwell PH, Ratcliffe PJ, Maher ER. Contrasting effects on HIF-1alpha regulation by disease-causing pVHL mutations correlate with patterns of tumourigenesis in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Human Molecular Genetics 2001, 10(10), 1029-1038.
  • Parry L, Maynard JH, Patel A, Clifford SC, Morrissey C, Maher ER, Cheadle JP, Sampson JR. Analysis of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in sporadic renal cell carcinomas. British Journal of Cancer 2001, 85(8), 1226-1230.
  • Cockman ME, Masson N, Mole DR, Jaakkola P, Chang GW, Clifford SC, Maher ER, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Maxwell PH. Hypoxia inducible factor-α binding and ubiquitylation by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000, 275(33), 25733-25741.
  • Woodward ER, Clifford SC, Astuti D, Affara NA, Maher ER. Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (FCRC): clinical features and mutation analysis of the VHL, MET, and CUL2 candidate genes. Journal of Medical Genetics 2000, 37(5), 348-53.
  • Woodward ER, Buchberger A, Clifford SC, Hurst LD, Affara NA, Maher ER. Comparative sequence analysis of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Genomics 2000, 65(3), 253-265.
  • Maxwell PH, Wiesener MS, Chang GW, Clifford SC, Vaux EC, Cockman ME, Wykoff CC, Pugh CW, Maher ER, Ratcliffe PJ. The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis. Nature 1999, 399(6733), 271-275.
  • Clifford SC, Walsh S, Hewson K, Green EK, Brinke A, Green PM, Gianelli F, Eng C, Maher ER. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human CUL2 gene and the role of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-binding protein (CUL2 and VBP1) mutation and loss in renal-cell carcinoma development. Genes Chromosomes, & Cancer 1999, 26(1), 20-28.
  • Duerr EM, Gimm O, Neuberg DS, Kum JB, Clifford SC, Toledo SP, Maher ER, Dahia PL, Eng C. Differences in allelic distribution of two polymorphisms in the VHL-associated gene CUL2 in pheochromocytoma patients without somatic CUL2 mutations. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999, 84(9), 3207-3211.
  • Clifford SC, Prowse AH, Affara NA, Buys CH, Maher ER. Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene and allelic losses at chromosome arm 3p in primary renal cell carcinoma: evidence for a VHL-independent pathway in clear cell renal tumourigenesis. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 1998, 22(3), 200-209.
  • Clifford SC, Czapla K, Richards FM, O'Donoghue DJ, Maher ER. Hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated renal tubular mitogenesis: effects on expression of c-myc, c-fos, c-met, VEGF and the VHL tumour-suppressor and related genes. British Journal of Cancer 1998, 77(9), 1420-1428.
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  • Clifford SC, Neal DE, Lunec J. High level expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene in the normal bladder urothelium: A potential involvement in protection against carcinogens?. Carcinogenesis 1996, 17(3), 601-604.
  • Clifford SC, Neal DE, Lunec J. Alterations in expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene in high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. British Journal of Cancer 1996, 73(5), 659-666.
  • Clifford SC, Thomas DJ, Neal DE, Lunec J. Increased MDR1 gene transcript levels in high-grade carcinoma of the bladder determined by quantitative PCR-based assay. British Journal of Cancer 1994, 69(4), 680-686.
  • Thomas DJ, Birch PJ, Vickers J, Robinson M, Clifford SC, Hall A, Neal DE. Glutathione-S-transferase π expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. British Journal of Urology 1993, 72(5 part 2), 740-743.

• Editorials

  • Clifford SC. Cancer Genetics: Evolution after tumour spread. Nature 2012, 482(7386), 481-482.
  • Ellison DW, Clifford SC, Gajjar A, Gilbertson RJ. What's new in neuro-oncology? Recent advances in medulloblastoma. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 2003, 7(2), 53-66.

• Letters

  • Bull KS, Kennedy CR, Bailey S, Ellison DW, Clifford SC. Improved health-related quality of life outcomes associated with SHH subgroup medulloblastoma in SIOP-UKCCSG PNET3 trial survivors. Acta Neuropathologica 2014, 128(1), 151-153.
  • Lindsey JC, Schwalbe EC, Potluri S, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford SC. TERT promoter mutation and aberrant hypermethylation are associated with elevated expression in medulloblastoma and characterise the majority of non-infant SHH subgroup tumours. Acta Neuropathologica 2014, 127(2), 307-309.
  • Schwalbe EC, Hayden JT, Rogers HA, Miller S, Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Nicholson SL, Kilday JP, Adamowicz-Brice M, Storer L, Jacques TS, Robson K, Lowe J, Williamson D, Grundy RG, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Histologically defined central nervous system primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours (CNS-PNETs) display heterogeneous DNA methylation profiles and show relationships to other paediatric brain tumour types. Acta Neuropathologica 2013, 126(6), 943-946.
  • Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Megahed H, Lusher ME, Schwalbe EC, Cole M, Hogg TL, Gilbertson RJ, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. TP53 Mutations in Favorable-Risk Wnt/Wingless-Subtype Medulloblastomas. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29(12), E344-E346.
  • Hayden JT, Fruhwald MC, Hasselblatt M, Ellison DW, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Frequent IDH1 mutations in supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) of adults but not children. Cell Cycle 2009, 8(11), 1806-1807.
  • Clifford SC, O'Toole KT, Ellison DW. Chromosome 1q gain is not associated with a poor outcome in childhood medulloblastoma: requirements for the validation of potential prognostic biomarkers. Cell Cycle 2009, 8(5), 787-787.
  • Gilbertson RJ, Clifford SC. PDGFRB is overexpressed in metastatic medulloblastoma. Nature Genetics 2003, 35(3), 197-198.

• Reviews

  • Williamson D, Schwalbe EC, Bailey S, Clifford SC. Timing is everything: A connection between medulloblastoma prognosis and foetal cerebellar development. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2023, 49(3), e12903.
  • Hill RM, Plasschaert SLA, Timmermann B, Dufour C, Aquilina K, Avula S, Donovan L, Lequin M, Pietsch T, Thomale U, Tippelt S, Wesseling P, Rutkowski S, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Bailey S, Fleischhack G. Relapsed medulloblastoma in pre-irradiated patients: Current practice for diagnostics and treatment. Cancers 2022, 14(1), 126.
  • Bailey S, Davidson A, Parkes J, Tabori U, Figaji A, Epari S, Chinnaswamy G, Dias-Coronado R, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Amayiri N, Vassal G, Bouffet E, Clifford SC. How Can Genomic Innovations in Pediatric Brain Tumors Transform Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?. JCO Global Oncology 2022, 8, e2200156.
  • Mynarek M, Milde T, Padovani L, Janssens GO, Kwiecien R, Mosseri V, Clifford SC, Doz F, Rutkowski S. SIOP PNET5 MB trial: History and concept of a molecularly stratified clinical trial of risk-adapted therapies for standard-risk medulloblastoma. Cancers 2021, 13(23), 6077.
  • Danilenko M, Clifford SC, Schwalbe EC. Inter and intra-tumoral heterogeneity as a platform for personalized therapies in medulloblastoma. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2021, 228, 107828.
  • Northcott PA, Robinson GW, Kratz CP, Mabbott DJ, Pomeroy SL, Clifford SC, Rutkowski S, Ellison DW, Malkin D, Taylor MD, Gajjar A, Pfister SM. Medulloblastoma. Nature Reviews: Disease Primers 2019, 5(1), 11.
  • Rutkowski S, Modena P, Williamson D, Kerl K, Nysom K, Pizer B, Bartels U, Puget S, Doz F, Michalski A, von Hoff K, Chevignard M, Avula S, Murray MJ, Schonberger S, Czech T, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Kordes U, Kramm CM, van Vuurden DG, Hulleman E, Janssens GO, Solanki GA, van Veelen M-LC, Thomale U, Schuhmann MU, Jones C, Giangaspero F, Figarella-Branger D, Pietsch T, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Van Gool SW. Biological material collection to advance translational research and treatment of children with CNS tumours: position paper from the SIOPE Brain Tumour Group. The Lancet Oncology 2018, 19(8), e419-e428.