Physical Science
Research careers and find opportunities in physical sciences, including careers in maths, chemistry and astronomy.
About
There's an extensive range of careers in physical sciences. From astronomy to materials, meteorology and analytical chemistry.
Prospects have created an overview of the science and pharmaceutical sector. It covers the main graduate sectors and employers.
Salaries
Starting salaries for graduate jobs in this sector can vary depending on the position, but are generally high. For physicists, for example, the average starting salary is £28,000.
To get an idea of typical starting salaries use the following resources:
- our Discover your Earning Potential Pathway offers access to The Pay Index. This shows you how salaries vary across different roles, industries and locations
- job profiles, such as those listed on Prospects or targetjobs
- vacancy sites such as Glassdoor and LinkedIn
Job profiles
Have a look at Prospects and targetjobs to find out what roles in this sector involve and how to get into them. These are some of the job profiles available:
Chemistry
Geosciences, meteorology and oceanography
For Geographical Information Systems Officer information, see Civil Engineering, Geomatics and Construction
Materials
Physics
Technical and research science
- Nanotechnologist
- Radiation protection practitioner
- Research scientist (maths)
- Research scientist (physical sciences)
- Scientific laboratory technician
- Teaching laboratory technician
For data analyst and scientist information, see Technology and data
Skills employers look for
- a high level of technical knowledge and computing ability
- an analytical and investigative mind and the ability to organise and carry out research
- attention to detail and a logical and methodical approach to problem-solving
- the ability to prioritise tasks, meet deadlines and work with minimum supervision
- flexibility and the ability to work collaboratively in multidisciplinary teams
- strong written and oral communication skills and the ability to communicate scientific information to non-experts
- you may also need good practical laboratory skills and an awareness of health and safety requirements
Inspiration from people working in the industry
- browse our Work Experience and Graduate Employment directories. See where our students and graduates have had work experience, or been employed
- use LinkedIn’s Alumni tool to find out what Newcastle graduates are doing now. You could ask to connect with them, to gain advice and insights into their career. See Newcastle Alumni on LinkedIn to help you get started or watch our quick tutorial on Getting inspiration from others [3:13]
- attend alumni events, such as Newcastle Develop, to hear directly from our graduates
- sign up for mentoring support with Graduate Mentor and The 1 Hour Project. These aim to match students with industry professionals who can provide invaluable insights. Register to be connected for a one-hour meeting
- attend events including recruitment events and employer and sector insights. Hear about graduate jobs, placement schemes, build your network and ask questions
Online reviews
Searching for reviews online can be a useful way to get an idea of what to expect from certain roles or employers. Reviews are written by employees with different opinions about what makes a good employer.
Use the following review sites for inspiration and insight into the recruitment process:
- RateMyPlacement placement year reviews written by students.
- The Job Crowd – graduate job reviews
- Glassdoor – company reviews from employees
Not sure what you want to do?
If you’re not sure exactly what you want to do, we can help. You can book a guidance appointment via MyCareer. Our careers consultants can help you explore your options or plan your career.
Career guides
Sector career guides include:
- targetjobs: Science and research
- Prospects: Science and Pharmaceuticals
- NHS: Physical sciences and biomedical engineering
- Physics World: Careers
- SpaceCareers.uk
- Space skills and careers resources
- A Future in Chemistry
- Careers in Meteorology
Options with your subject:
Prospects: What can I do with my degree? gives an overview of career options, work experience advice, typical employers and the skills gained from your degree. See:
Royal Society of Biology's options after a bioscience degree includes advice on job-seeking strategies and how to evidence your skills in applications.
Industry news
Use online magazines and journals to follow news from your industry. Reading about trends and developments is important for applications and interviews.
Examples include:
- Chemistry World
- Physics World
- News & Press | The Royal Astronomical Society
- UK Space Agency
- National Space Strategy
- Cast Metals Federation | The Best in British Casting
- Maths Careers: Science and Engineering
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) – UKRI
- Nature Publishing Group
- New Scientist
- Laboratory News
Attend events
Attend events to hear directly from professionals in the industry.
See professional bodies below for ideas about the events in different physical science industries.
See also our events page for recruitment events and employer and sector insights.
Student societies
Join science-specific student societies supported by Newcastle University Students' Union. These include:
These societies often have guest lectures and discussions. MedTech for example, runs an innovation competition for students with a passion for research, development and medical product design.
Social media
Use social media to find industry insights
Join sector-specific groups on LinkedIn to keep up to date. Posts often include news, events and opportunities. You can also find useful insights on careers on X and TikTok. Treat these with caution, as not all content may be accurate.
Find out more about how to use social media for your career.
Professional bodies
Consider joining a relevant professional body/industry network
Professional bodies often:
- run networking events
- have specialist groups you could join
- post vacancies on behalf of their members
- have member directories, useful for speculative applications
Key organisations
Chemistry
- The Royal Society of Chemistry includes careers information for students and postdocs.
- Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Geosciences, meteorology and oceanography
- Royal Geographical Society
- The Geological Society
- Institute of Marine Science, Engineering and Technology (IMarEST)
- Royal Meteorological Society
Materials
Physics and maths
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Institute of Maths and its Applications
- London Mathematical Society
- Institute of Physics
- Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
- Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine
- CERN (European Organisation for Nuclear Research)
- National Physical Laboratory
Research councils and research centres
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Natural Environment Research Council
- National Oceanography Centre
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science
- Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA)
- Institute of Science Technology
- Institution of Chemical Engineers
- Science Council
- Cogent Skills
Finding professional bodies worldwide
GoinGlobal’s country guides include details of professional bodies. Find them under ‘Professional and Personal Networking’ on each individual country guide.
Guide to finding opportunities
Many large recruiters advertise summer internships, year-long placements and graduate training programmes in physical science.
There are various ways to find internships, placements and graduate opportunities. We’ve added some tips below to help you get started.
- search for advertised vacancies using the vacancy sites listed below
- look at the careers sections on company websites for student and graduate opportunities. Use Researching Employers to help you gain insights into companies
- attend events such as recruitment fairs and employer and sector insights
- contact employers speculatively – see non-advertised work experience and graduate jobs to help you find organisations to approach
- follow companies on social media for latest news and updates
- consider registering with a recruitment agency for graduate jobs
- register with EmployAbility if you are disabled, neurodivergent or have a mental health condition. They can offer advice and support on applications to Newcastle students. They also run first year, internship and graduate programmes with inclusive employer partners
- ask family and friends if they have any useful contacts who may be able to offer you work experience
- consider alternative ways to find relevant experience and develop your skills
- create your own opportunity by starting your own business or working freelance
When to apply
Apply for advertised opportunities as early as possible.
UK applications typically open early in the academic year from September or October. Some close as early as October or November. Many employers close applications as soon as their places are filled.
Research summer scholarships are often advertised from November to February.
Search for internships and placement years
Use our resources to get started:
- MyCareer - search for internships and placements in the North East, UK and overseas. Register/log in to access vacancies and sign up for personalised email alerts
- Internships, placements & shadowing - links to vacancy sites
- Global work experience - for internships or placements abroad
Search the following sites for work experience and internships in industry:
- Industrial and Summer Placements - STFC Careers
- National Physical Laboratory - offer summer internships and industrial placements
- CERN - for summer internships, industrial placements and PhD opportunities
- Gradcracker - Careers for STEM Students
- Student Ladder: lists internships and industrial placements in science. They also advertise internships in scientific research
- SpaceCareers.uk - includes internships and year-long placements
- Space Placements in INdustry (SPIN) Scheme - internships in the space sector with a range of companies, managed by the UK Space Agency and Satellite Applications Catapult.
- Chemistry related work experience | RSC Education
- Summer Placements | GCHQ Careers – includes maths and cryptography internships, as well as opportunities in cyber
NCL internships
The Careers Service runs flexible term-time and summer internships with local employers and on campus. NCL internships are aimed at all students, from any stage
- Search for these under Vacancies on MyCareer. Type in ‘NCL internship’ into the text search box.
- You can find these advertised throughout the academic year. Full-time summer opportunities are advertised from around March.
Worldwide experience
Access GoinGlobal for internships in over 120 global locations, updated daily. Search for opportunities in the local language, as well as in English. You can also use their country guides to find:
- additional vacancy websites
- CV, application and interview advice
- advice on living and working in different countries and cities around the world.
Other sites include:
- RISE Germany – summer research internships at German universities for second year undergraduates
- Internships | SIAM - society of applied mathematics, offers internships with global companies
Looking for ideas
If you’re looking for inspiration, try searching our NU Work Experience Directory. You can see where our students have had internships and placements in the last five years. To see all results in a search category, keep the search field blank.
When to apply
The resources in this section advertise both graduate jobs and graduate schemes. See our graduate jobs page to understand the difference between them.
For graduate schemes, apply as early as possible.
UK applications typically open early in the academic year from September or October. Some close as early as November-December. Many employers close applications as soon as their places are filled.
Graduate jobs tend to be immediate start positions which can be available all year round. You are more likely to apply for these towards the end of your studies.
Vacancy sites
Use our resources to get started:
- MyCareer - search for graduate schemes and graduate jobs in the North East, UK and overseas. Register/log in to access vacancies and sign up for personalised email alerts
- Graduate Jobs – lists graduate vacancy sites
Physical science vacancy sites
- New Scientist Jobs
- Gradcracker - Careers for STEM Students
- NHS Jobs
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) graduate programmes
- Early Careers | GCHQ Careers – maths and science graduate programmes
- NHS Scientist Training Programme (STP) - graduate-entry training programme for medical physics or clinical engineering roles in the NHS. See Life Sciences for more information.
- myscience.uk
- Jobs.ac.uk - vacancies in higher education and research
- ResearchGATE - job opportunities in research, science and higher education
Sector specific vacancy sites
Chemistry
Geosciences, meteorology and oceanography
For Geographical information systems officer information, see Civil Engineering, Geomatics and Construction
Physics and maths
- Physics World Jobs
- Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM): Jobs
- RAS JobsList - vacancy service for Royal Astronomical Society members
- Nuclear Graduates - jobs in the nuclear industry
- Institute of Physics jobs service
- London Mathematical Society – jobs and PhD opportunities
- Institute of Mathematics & its Applications (IMA)
- Math Jobs - worldwide vacancies
Worldwide vacancies
See International jobs for details of overseas vacancy sites.
Access GoinGlobal for job adverts in over 120 global locations, updated daily. Search for opportunities in the local language, as well as in English. You can also use their country guides to find:
- additional vacancy websites
- CV, application and interview advice
- advice on living and working in different countries and cities around the world
International vacancy sites
- Science Careers - vacancy search
- Earthworks Jobs
- ResearchGATE - job opportunities in research, science and higher education across the globe
- American Astronomical Society
- Academic Jobs EU - Europe-wide vacancies
- EuroScienceJobs - science jobs in Europe in and outside the lab
Non-advertised work experience and graduate jobs
Not all internships, placements [change to work experience if placements/internships not appropriate] and graduate jobs are advertised. In fact, many people create opportunities through:
- networking and making contacts
- developing their own business ideas
A speculative approach is common for finding work experience and graduate jobs. This is where you approach a company directly to ask if they have any opportunities available.
How to access hidden opportunities
Start by identifying organisations you are interested in. Our guide to finding organisations below can help. Then use the following steps to approach them speculatively about possible opportunities:
- Identify a contact name to address your cover letter to. Call or email to find out who handles recruitment within the organisation. Or, find a key contact in the department you want to work in.
- Send them a tailored CV and cover letter. Express your enthusiasm for the sector. Show that you have researched the company.
- Follow up your speculative application with a phone call, or email, around a week later. This shows you are serious and motivated.
- If your application was unsuccessful, ask for feedback or advice, and keep trying!
How to find organisations
- find organisations on MyCareer. Select ‘search' then 'organisations’
- use the business directories and databases on our Researching employers page
- search for companies on LinkedIn. The Find Alumni tool shows you where Newcastle graduates are currently working
- browse our Work Experience and Graduate Employment directories. See where our students and graduates have had work experience, or been employed
North East organisations
- North East Technology Park (NETPark) – list of science and technology companies in County Durham
- North East Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC) has a members directory including chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
UK organisations
- targetjobs - search employers by sector, eg software engineering or technology
- UK Space Sector Landscape Map - Programmes - KTN (ktn-uk.org) – map of companies, universities, funding bodies and networks – maps the capabilities of over 1000 organisations in the industry
- Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) - lists pharmaceutical companies, can filter by those which offer work experience
- Professional body websites sometimes include member directories, which are helpful for finding employers
- Maths Careers: Who employs mathematicians - list of companies based within science and engineering
- Royal Meteorological Society – list of employers
Worldwide organisations
Search GoinGlobal’s employer directory for company information in 196 countries. Their country guides list professional bodies around the world.
Specialist recruitment agencies
Recruitment agencies can be useful for finding graduate jobs in the physical sciences. These tend to be for immediate start positions. It's worth registering with one or two agencies towards the end of your course.
Specialist agencies include:
- CY Partners
- CK Group
- SRG
- Jobs in Science
- Chase Pharmaceutical Recruitment - agency specialising in medical sales with section for new graduates
- STEM Graduates Recruitment Agency | Science Graduate | STEM Graduates
- Pharmaceutical jobs with emedcareers
- Matchtech.com - engineering and technical job agency with section for new graduates
Finding overseas recruitment agencies
GoinGlobal’s country guides include details of recruitment agencies in specific countries. They are listed under the following headings:
- staffing agencies and temporary help firms
- executive recruiters and search firms
Recruitment agencies may not operate in the same way in different countries. In the UK agencies are free for job seekers, but this may not be the case elsewhere. Explore the terms and conditions of an agency before signing up to use them.
Other ways to gain relevant experience
We've added some suggestions to help you develop your skills and gain relevant experience.
- join the University’s Street Science Team helping to promote STEM subjects
- think about science communication/explaining at Life Science Centre in Newcastle
- BIG also lists science communication opportunities, including an article on how to get experience in science communication
- use STEM Directory to contact science outreach/education providers for possible voluntary/work experience opportunities
- volunteer at somewhere like Kielder Observatory. Go Volunteer in the Students' Union offers a range of student volunteering projects
- enter a science-related competition - see awards and prizes below to find out more
General awards
- Kupcinet-Getz International Science Summer School
- Amgen Scholars provides undergraduate students with the opportunity to engage in hands-on summer research experience at some of the world's leading institutions.
Astronomy
- Patricia Tomkins Undergraduate Prize | The Royal Astronomical Society (ras.ac.uk) – £500 prize money
- Michael Penston Thesis Prize | The Royal Astronomical Society (ras.ac.uk) - a cash prize of £1,000 and an invitation to present the results of their thesis at an Ordinary (A&G) Meeting of the RAS.
- Keith Runcorn Thesis Prize | The Royal Astronomical Society (ras.ac.uk) - best doctoral thesis in geophysics (including planetary science and solar physics) is awarded annually. The winner will receive a cash prize of £1,000 and an invitation to present the results of their thesis at an Ordinary (A&G) Meeting of the RAS.
- Royal Astronomical Society Undergraduate Summer Bursaries provides motivated undergraduates with the opportunity to work in a research environment in any areas of astronomy and geophysics for part of the summer before their third or fourth year.
Chemistry
- Biochemical Society Summer Vacation Studentships
- Royal Society of Chemistry Undergraduate Summer Research Bursaries provide funding for short (six to eight weeks) summer research projects for undergraduate chemistry students, working within a university department on a chemistry-related research project.
- Harrison-Meldola Early Career Prizes for Chemistry (rsc.org)
Maths
- London Mathematical Society Undergraduate Research Bursaries provide research experience to undergraduates with research potential, to encourage them to consider a career in scientific research.
Work for yourself
Working as self-employed or freelance is common in the physical science sector.
Include sector specific information about self-employment/work for yourself:
Our START UP team can help you explore working for yourself at any stage. Whether you want to explore an idea or have already launched a business or freelance career, you can access the following help:
- support with idea generation
- provide tailored advice
- help you develop your skills
- introduce you to like-minded peers
- refer you to further support from mentors
- award grant funding up to £3,000
Related sectors
Our occupational guides can help you explore and consider your options. If you’re interested in physical sciences you may also be interested in:
- Life science - for pharmaceutical industry and clinical science roles
- Technology and data - for data science and analytics
- Civil engineering, geomatics and construction
- Environment
- Healthcare
- Science careers outside the lab