Luke explored the problems associated with trying to uncover causal relationships in complex systems using traditional qualitative interview techniques.

Using examples drawn from his own research into food poverty, he explored how systems mapping can be combined with focus group techniques to analyse the strengths of different patterns of relationships within complex systems. He used these techniques to identify the most common patterns of relationship within systems, in addition to unusual and idiosyncratic ones.

Listen to Heresy #13: Complexity and method: bridging the divide.