Spatial and Community ecology

Spatial ecology investigates how organisms are distributed in space and the effects of their spatial arrangement on interactions and population dynamics. It examines factors such as resource distribution, habitat availability, and dispersal abilities.

Community ecology focuses on species interactions within a defined area, studying diversity, abundance, and species relationships like competition, predation, and mutualism.

Both fields contribute to our understanding of ecological processes, community assembly, and inform conservation and management strategies for ecosystems.