Staff Profile
Professor Thomas Penfold
Professor in Computational Chemistry
- Email: tom.penfold@ncl.ac.uk
- Telephone: +44 (0) 191 208 6786
- Personal Website: http://www.penfoldgroup.co.uk
- Address: Chemistry
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
Bedson Building (Room 2.27)
Newcastle University
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
Molecules and materials that absorb and/or emit light (therefore existing in electronically excited states) form a central part of our daily lives, such as display and lighting technologies. Indeed, lights at night are an effective measure of a countries economic development, while energy capture through the development of materials which absorb more sunlight is at the heart of attempts to reduce our reliance upon unsustainable fuel sources.
A critical question that remains unanswered is: How do we most efficiently design and exploit the excited state properties of molecules and materials? My group develops and uses high-level theoretical techniques to understanding the evolving geometric and electronic structure in the course of non-equilibrium dynamics. By achieving a sophisticated understanding we hope to transform this into rational design of molecules and molecular properties on the atomic level. During this research a particular emphasis is placed upon dynamics occurring in electronically excited states. Wherever possible we try and combine our simulations with experiments, especially the new and exciting experiments made possible from the development of X-ray free-electron lasers.
More information about recent research in the group can be found at:
I completed my PhD in 2010 at the University of Birmingham, supervised by Graham Worth. After this I spent three years at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland in the group of Majed Chergui and 2 years at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, working as a research scientist on the Swiss Free Electron Laser Project. I started the position of lecturer in theoretical chemistry at Newcastle in September 2015.
Research in the Penfold group focuses upon theoretical and computation studies of photoexcited dynamics over a wide variety of time and length scales. These are performed in order to achieve a sophisticated understanding of molecules and their excited state properties, of particular relevance to applications such as solar cells, photocatalysis and organic light emitting diodes.
To achieve this, we employ and develop a variety of theoretical and computational approaches. We are especially interested in approaches to quantum dynamics, i.e. solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation.
Where ever possible we also try to combine our simulations with experimental studies, such as ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We are especially interested in simulations associated with new and exciting experiments made possible from the development of X-ray free electron lasers.
For more information please visit http://tompenfoldresearch.weebly.com
Undergraduate Teaching
Postgraduate Teaching
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Articles
- Marri AR, Marekha BA, Penfold TJ, Haacke S, Gros PC. Towards panchromatic Fe(II) NHC sensitizers via HOMO inversion. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 2023, 10, 118-126.
- Clarke RG, Weatherston J, Taj-Aldeen RA, Waddell PG, McFarlane W, Penfold TJ, Bogaerts J, Herrebout W, Mackenzie L, Pal R, Hall MJ. Synthesis and Structural Diversification of Circularly Polarised Luminescence Active, Helically Chiral, “Confused” N,N,O,C-BODIPYs. ChemPhotoChem 2023, 7(1), e202200194.
- Pope T, Giret Y, Fsadni M, Docampo P, Groves C, Penfold TJ. Modelling the effect of dipole ordering on charge-carrier mobility in organic semiconductors. Organic Electronics 2023, 115, 106760.
- Eng J, Penfold TJ. Mind the GAP: Quantifying the Breakdown of the Linear Vibronic Coupling Hamiltonian. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2023, 25(10), 7195-7204.
- Katayama T, Choi T-K, Khakhulin D, Dohn AO, Milne CJ, Vankó G, Németh Z, Lima F, Szlachetko J, Sato T, Nozawa S, Adachi S, Yabashi M, Penfold TJ, Gawelda W, Levi G. Atomic-scale observation of solvent reorganization influencing photoinduced structural dynamics in a copper complex photosensitizer. Chemical Science 2023, 14(10), 2572-2584.
- Penfold TJ, Eng J. Tailoring Donor-Acceptor Emitters to Minimise Localisation Induced Quenching of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ChemPhotoChem 2022, 7(3), e202200243.
- Ahmad S, Eng J, Penfold TJ. Rapid Predictions of the Colour Purity of Luminescent Organic Molecules. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2022, 10(12), 4785-4794.
- Barlow K, Eng J, Ivalo I, Coletta M, Brechin EK, Penfold TJ, Johansson JO. Photoinduced Jahn–Teller switch in Mn(iii) terpyridine complexes. Dalton Transactions 2022, 51(28), 10751-10757.
- Algoazy N, Clarke RG, Penfold TJ, Waddell PG, Probert MR, Aerts R, Herrebout W, Stachelek P, Pal R, Hall MJ, Knight JG. NIR Circularly Polarised Luminescence from Helically-Extended Chiral N,N,O,O-Boron Chelated Dipyrromethenes. ChemPhotoChem 2022, 6(9), e202200090.
- dos Santos PL, de Sa Pereira D, Eng J, Ward JS, Bryce MR, Penfold TJ, Monkman AP. Fine-Tuning the Photophysics of Donor-Acceptor (D-A3) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Using Isomerisation. ChemPhotoChem 2022, 7(2), e202200248.
- Gu Q, Chotard F, Eng J, Reponen A, Vitorica-Yrezabal J, Woodward A, Penfold TJ, Credgington D, Bochmann M, Romanov AS. Excited-State Lifetime Modulation by Twisted and Tilted Molecular Design in Carbene-Metal-Amide Photoemitters. Chemistry of Materials 2022, 34(16), 7526–7542.
- Tan Z, Li Y, Zhang Z, Penfold T, Shi W, Yang S. Efficient Adversarial Generation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. ACS Omega 2022, 7(2), 18179-18188.
- Garratt D, Misiekis L, Wood D, Larsen EW, Matthews M, Alexander O, Ye P, Jarosch S, Ferchaud C, Stuber C, Johnson AS, Bakulin AA, Penfold TJ, Marangos JP. Direct observation of ultrafast exciton localization in an organic semiconductor with soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Nature Communications 2022, 13, 3414.
- El-Zubir O, Martinez PR, Dura G, Al-Mahamad LLG, Pope T, Penfold TJ, Mackenzie LE, Pal R, Mosely J, Cucinotta F, McGarry LF, Horrocks BR, Houlton A. Circularly polarised luminescence in an RNA-based homochiral, self-repairing, coordination polymer hydrogel. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2022, 10(18), 7329-7335.
- Watson L, Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Beyond Structural Insight: A Deep Neural Network for the Prediction of Pt L2/3-edge X-ray Absorption Spectra. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24, 9156-9167.
- Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Accurate, Affordable, and Generalisable Machine Learning Simulations of Transition Metal X-ray Absorption Spectra using the XANESNET Deep Neural Network. Journal of Chemical Physics 2022, 156, 164102.
- Davison N, Waddell PG, Dixon C, Wills C, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A monomeric (trimethylsilyl) methyl lithium complex: synthesis, structure, decomposition and preliminary reactivity studies. Dalton Transactions 2022, 51(28), 10707-10713.
- Penfold TJ, Rankine CD. A deep neural network for valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy. Molecular Physics 2022, Memorial Issue for Nick Besley, e2022WR032829.
- Rebollar E, Bañuelos J, de la Moya S, Eng J, Penfold T, Garcia-Moreno I. A Computational-Experimental Approach to Unravel the Excited State Landscape in Heavy-Atom Free BODIPY-Related Dyes. Molecules 2022, 27(15), 4683.
- Hainer F, Alagna N, Reddy A, Penfold TJ, Gros PC, Haacke S, Buckup T. Vibrational Coherence Spectroscopy Identifies Ultrafast Branching in an Iron(II) Sensitizer. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2021, 12, 8560-8565.
- Rajamalli P, Rizzi F, Li W, Jinks M, Gupta AK, Laidlaw B, Samuel I, Penfold TJ, Goldup S, Zysman-Colman E. Using the Mechanical Bond to Tune the Performance of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2021, 60(21), 12066-12073.
- Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Progress in the Theory of X‐ray Spectroscopy: From Quantum Chemistry to Machine Learning and Ultrafast Dynamics. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2021, 125(20), 4276-4293.
- Greenfield JL, Wade J, Brandt JR, Shi X, Penfold TJ, Fuchter MJ. Pathways to increase the dissymmetry in the interaction of chiral light and chiral molecules. Chemical Science 2021, 12(25), 8589-8602.
- Eng J, Penfold TJ. Open questions on the photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Communications Chemistry 2021, 4, 91.
- Laidlaw B, Eng J, Wade J, Shi X, Salerno F, Fuchter MJ, Penfold TJ. On the factors influencing the chiroptical response of conjugated polymer thin films. Chemical Communications 2021, 57(77), 9914-9917.
- Falbo E, Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. On the Analysis of X-ray Absorption Spectra for Polyoxometallates. Chemical Physics Letters 2021, 780, 138893.
- Littlefair J, Cole DJ, Penfold TJ. On assessing functional errors in density functional theory using atomisation energies and electric field gradients. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 2021, 121(23), e26799.
- Yang L, Horton JT, Payne MC, Penfold TJ, Cole DJ. Modeling Molecular Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with the Quantum Mechanical Bespoke Force Field. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2021, 17(8), 5021–5033.
- Shaikh J, Congrave D, Forster A, Minotto A, Cacialli F, Hele T, Penfold T, Bronstein H, Clarke T. Intrinsic photogeneration of long-lived charges in a donor- orthogonal acceptor conjugated polymer. Chemical Science 2021, 12, 8165-8177.
- Feng J, Reponen APM, Romanov AS, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M, Greenham NC, Penfold TJ, Credgington D. Influence of Heavy Atom Effect on the Photophysics of Coinage Metal Carbene‐Metal‐Amide Emitters. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 31(1), 2005438.
- Pander P, Daniel R, Zaytsev AV, Horn A, Sil A, Penfold TJ, Williams JAG, Kozhenvbikov VN, Dias FB. Exceptionally Fast Radiative Decay of a Dinuclear Platinum Complex Through Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Chemical Science 2021, 12(17), 6172-6180.
- Madkhali MMM, Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Enhancing the Analysis of Disorder in X-Ray Absorption Spectra: Application of Deep Neural Networks to T-jump-X-ray Probe Experiments. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2021, 23(15), 9259-9269.
- Giret Y, Eng J, Pope T, Penfold TJ. A quantum dynamics study of the hyperfluorescence mechanism. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2021, 9(4), 1362-1369.
- Davison N, Falbo E, Waddell PG, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A Monomeric Methyllithium Complex: Synthesis and Structure. Chemical Communications 2021, 57(50), 6205-6208.
- Liedy F, Eng J, McNab R, Inglis R, Penfold TJ, Brechin EK, Johansson JO. Vibrational coherences in manganese single-molecule magnets after ultrafast photoexcitation. Nature Chemistry 2020, 12(5), 452-458.
- Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. The Chemical Record 2020, 20(8), 831-856.
- Madkhali MMM, Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. The Role of Structural Representation in the Performance of a Deep Neural Network for X-Ray Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020, 25(11), 2715.
- Frank F, Manzoli LA, Mauker P, Alsimaree AA, Waddell PG, Probert MR, Penfold TJ, Knight JG, Hall MJ. Synthesis of 3,5-Dichloro-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPYs) via Cu(OTf)2 Mediated Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen by Chloride. Tetrahedron 2020, 76(17), 131113.
- Falbo E, Penfold TJ. Redox Potentials of Polyoxometalates from Implicit Solvent Model and QM/MM Molecular Dynamics. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2020, 124(28), 15045-15056.
- Qu Y, Chee SW, Duchamp M, Campbell S, Zoppi G, Barrioz V, Giret Y, Penfold TJ, Chaturvedi A, Mirsaidov U, Beattie NS. Real-Time Electron Nanoscopy of Photovoltaic Absorber Formation from Kesterite Nanoparticles. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2020, 3(1), 122-128.
- Miyagawa A, Eng J, Okada T, Inoue Y, Penfold TJ, Fukuhara G. Hydrostatic Pressure-Induced Spectral Variation of Reichardt’s Dye: A Polarity/Pressure Dual Indicator. ACS Omega 2020, 5(1), 897-903.
- Kinschel D, Bacellar C, Cannelli O, Sorokin B, Katayama T, Mancini G, Rouxel J, Obara Y, Nishitani J, Ito H, Ito T, Kurahashi N, Higashimura C, Kudo S, Keane T, Lima F, Gawelda W, Zalden P, Schulz S, Budarz J, Khakhulin D, Galler A, Bressler C, Milne C, Penfold T, Yabashi M, Suzuki T, Misawa K, Chergui M. Femtosecond X-ray emission study of the spin cross-over dynamics in haem proteins. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 4145.
- Eng J, Thompson S, Goodwin H, Credgington D, Penfold TJ. Competition between the Heavy Atom Effect and Vibronic Coupling in Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Organometallics. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2020, 22(8), 4659-4667.
- Rankine CD, Madkhali MMM, Penfold TJ. A Deep Neural Network for the Rapid Prediction of X-ray Absorption Spectra. ChemRxiv 2020, 1-21.
- Rankine CD, Madkhali MMM, Penfold TJ. A Deep Neural Network for the Rapid Prediction of X-ray Absorption Spectra. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2020, 124(21), 4263-4270.
- Nothey T, Eng J, Keane T, Penfold TJ. Understanding the Potential for Efficient Triplet Harvesting with Hot Excitons. Faraday Discussions 2019, 216, 395-413.
- Northey T, Norell J, Fouda A, Besley NA, Odelius M, Penfold TJ. Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Dynamics Probed by Nitrogen K-edge Absorption Spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2019, epub ahead of print.
- Katayama T, Northey T, Gawelda W, Milne CJ, Vankó G, Lima FA, Bohinc R, Németh Z, Nozawa S, Sato T, Khakhulin D, Szlachetko J, Togashi T, Owada S, Adachi S, Bressler C, Yabashi M, Penfold TJ. Tracking multiple components of a nuclear wavepacket in photoexcited Cu(I)-phenanthroline complex using ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 3606.
- Nobuyasu RS, Ward JS, Gibson J, Laidlaw BA, Ren Z, Data P, Batsanov AS, Penfold TJ, Bryce MA, Dias FB. The influence of molecular geometry on the efficiency of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7(22), 6672-6684.
- Pápai M, Rozgonyi T, Penfold TJ, Nielsen MM, Møller KB. Simulation of ultrafast excited-state dynamics and elastic x-ray scattering by quantum wavepacket dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics 2019, 151(10), 104307.
- Eng J, Laidlaw BA, Penfold TJ. On the geometry dependence of tuned range-separated hybrid functionals. Journal of Computational Chemistry 2019, 40(25), 2191-2199.
- Wan L, Wade J, Salerno F, Arteaga O, Laidlaw B, Wang X, Penfold T, Fuchter MJ, Campbell AJ. Inverting the Handedness of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Light-Emitting Polymers Using Film Thickness. ACS Nano 2019, 13(7), 8099-8105.
- Takeda Y, Mizuno H, Okada Y, Okazaki M, Minakata S, Penfold TJ, Fukuhara G. Hydrostatic Pressure‐Controlled Ratiometric Luminescence Responses of Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine‐Cored Mechanoluminophore. ChemPhotoChem 2019, 3(12), 1203-1211.
- Cao Y, Eng J, Penfold TJ. Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Dynamics for Triplet Harvesting in Organic Molecules. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2019, 123, 2640-2649.
- Penfold TJ, Pápai M, Møller KB, Worth GA. Excited state dynamics initiated by an electromagnetic field within the Variational Multi-Configurational Gaussian (vMCG) method. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 2019, 1160, 24-30.
- Eng J, Hagon J, Penfold TJ. D-A3 TADF Emitters: The Role of the Density of States for Achieving Faster Triplet Harvesting Rates. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7(41), 12942-12952.
- dos Santos PL, Ward JS, Congrave DG, Batsanov AS, Eng J, Stacey JE, Penfold TJ, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Triazatruxene: A Rigid Central Donor Unit for a D–A3 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material Exhibiting Sub‐Microsecond Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Unity Quantum Yield via Multiple Singlet–Triplet State Pairs. Advanced Science 2018, 5(6), 1700989.
- Penfold TJ, Dias FD, Monkman AP. The Theory of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Organic Light Emitting Diodes. Chemical Communications 2018, 54(32), 3926-3935.
- Thompson S, Eng J, Penfold TJ. The intersystem crossing of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene gold (i) complex. Journal of Chemical Physics 2018, 149, 014304.
- Northey T, Penfold T. The intersystem crossing mechanism of an ultrapure blue organoboron emitter. Organic Electronics 2018, 59, 45-48.
- Huang R, Ward JS, Kukhta NA, Avó J, Gibson J, Penfold TJ, Lima JC, Batsanov AS, Berberan-Santos MN, Bryce MR, Dias FB. The influence of molecular conformation on the photophysics of organic room temperature phosphorescent luminophores. Journal of Material Chemistry C 2018, 6(34), 9238-9247.
- Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chemical Reviews 2018, 118(15), 6975-7025.
- Penfold TJ, Szlachetko J, Santomauro FG, Britz A, Gawelda W, Doumy G, March AM, Southworth SH, Rittmann J, Abela R, Chergui M, Milne CJ. Revealing hole trapping in zinc oxide nanoparticles by time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy. Nature Communications 2018, 9, 478.
- Northey T, Duffield J, Penfold TJ. Non-equilibrium x-ray spectroscopy using direct quantum dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics 2018, 149(12), 124107.
- Papai M, Simmermacher M, Penfold TJ, Moller KB, Rozgonyi T. How To Excite Nuclear Wavepackets into Electronically Degenerate States in Spin-Vibronic Quantum Dynamics Simulations. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2018, 14(8), 3967-3974.
- Pander P, Bulmer R, Martinscroft R, Thompson S, Lewis FW, Penfold TJ, Dias FB, Kozhevnikov VN. 1,2,4-Triazines in the Synthesis of Bipyridine Bisphenolate ONNO Ligands and Their Highly Luminescent Tetradentate Pt(II) Complexes for Solution-Processable OLEDs. Inorganic Chemistry 2018, 57(7), 3825-3832.
- Northey T, Stacey JE, Penfold TJ. The Role of Solid State Solvation on the Charge Transfer State of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5(42), 11001-11009.
- Huang R, Avó J, Northey T, Chaning-Pearce E, dosSantos PL, Ward JS, Data P, Etherington MK, Fox MA, Penfold TJ, Berberan-Santos MN, Lima JC, Bryce MR, Dias FB. The Contributions of Molecular Vibrations and Higher Triplet Levels to the Intersystem Crossing Mechanism in Metal-Free Organic Emitters. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017.
- Lamming G, Kolokotroni J, Harrison T, Penfold TJ, Clegg W, Waddell PG, Probert MR, Houlton A. Structural Diversity and Argentophilic Interactions in 1-D Silver-based Coordination Polymers. Crystal Growth and Design 2017, 17(11), 5753-5763.
- Etherington MK, Franchello F, Gibson J, Northey T, Santos J, Ward JS, Higginbotham HF, Data P, Kurowska A, Dos-Santos PL, Graves DR, Batsanov AS, Dias FB, Bryce MR, Penfold TJ, Monkman AP. Regio- and conformational isomerization critical to design of efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Nature Communications 2017, 8, 14987.
- Dias FB, Penfold TJ, Monkman AP. Photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. Methods and Applications in Fluorescence 2017, 5, 012001.
- Capano G, Penfold TJ, Chergui M, Tavernelli I. Photophysics of a Copper Phenanthroline Elucidated by Trajectory and Wavepacket-based Quantum Dynamics: A Synergetic Approach. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2017, 19(30), 19590-19600.
- Reinhard ME, Auböck G, Besley NA, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Hanson-Heine MWD, Horvath R, Murphy TS, Penfold TJ, Towrie M, George MW, Chergui M. Photoaquation Mechanism of Hexacyanoferrate(II) ions: Ultrafast 2D UV and Transient Visible and IR Spectroscopies. Journal of the American Chemistry Society 2017, 139(21), 7335-7347.
- Gibson J, Penfold T. Nonadiabatic Coupling Reduces the Activation Energy in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2017, 19(12), 8428-8434.
- Currie L, Fernandez-Cestau J, Rocchigiani L, Bertrand B, Lancaster SJ, Hughes DL, Duckworth H, Jones STE, Credgington D, Penfold TJ, Bochmann M. Luminescent Gold(III) Thiolates: Supramolecular Interactions Trigger and Control Switchable Photoemissions from Bimolecular Excited States. Chemistry - A European Journal 2017, 23(1), 105-113.
- Black FA, Clark CA, Summers GH, Clark IP, Towrie M, Penfold T, George MW, Gibson EA. Investigating interfacial electron transfer in dye-sensitized NiO using vibrational spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2017, 19(11), 7877-7885.
- Cooper GA, Medcraft C, Littlefair JD, Penfold TJ, Walker NR. Halogen bonding properties of 4-iodopyrazole and 4-bromopyrazole characterised by rotational spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Journal of Chemical Physics 2017, 147(21), 214303.
- Clarke R, Ho KL, Alsimaree AA, Waddell PG, Bogaerts J, Herrebout W, Knight J, Pal R, Penfold T, Hall MJ. Circularly Polarised Luminescence from Helically Chiral 'Confused' N,N,O,C-Boron-Chelated Dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs). ChemPhotoChem 2017, 1(11), 513-517.
- Penfold TJ. Accelerating Direct Quantum Dynamics using Graphical Processing Units. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2017, 19(30), 19601-19608.
- Gibson J, Monkman AP, Penfold TJ. The Importance of Vibronic Coupling for Efficient Reverse Intersystem Crossing in TADF molecules. ChemPhysChem 2016, 17(19), 2956-2961.
- Pápai M, Penfold TJ, Moller KB. The Effect of tert-Butyl Functionalization on the Photoexcited Decay of a Fe(II)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120(31), 17234-17241.
- Etherington M, Gibson J, Higginbotham HF, Penfold TJ, Monkman AP. Revealing the spin–vibronic coupling mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Nature Communications 2016, 7, 13680.
- Penfold T, Pápai M, Rozgonyi T, Møller K, Vankó G. Probing Spin-Vibronic Dynamics Using Femtosecond X-ray Spectroscopy. Faraday Discussions 2016, 194, 731-746.
- Czapla-Masztafiak J, Szlachetko J, Milne CJ, Lipiec E, Sa J, Penfold TJ, Huthwelker T, Borca C, Abela R, Kwiatek WM. Investigating DNA Radiation Damage Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 2016, 110(6), 1304–1311.
- Pápai M, Vankó G, Rozgonyi T, Penfold T. High-Efficiency Iron Photosensitizer Explained With Quantum Wavepacket Dynamics. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2016, 7, 2009-2014.
- Szlachetko J, Hoszowska J, Dousse JC, Nachtegaal M, Blachucki W, Kayser Y, Sà J, Messerschmidt M, Boutet S, Williams G, David C, Smolentsev G, vanBokhoven JA, Patterson BD, Penfold TJ, Knopp G, Pajek M, Abela R, Milne CJ. Establishing nonlinearity thresholds with ultraintense X-ray pulses. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 33292.
- van der Veen RM, Penfold TJ, Zewail AH. Ultrafast core-loss spectroscopy in four-dimensional electron microscopy. Structural Dynamics 2015, 2, 024302.
- Capano G, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I, Penfold TJ. Theoretical Rationalization of the Emission Properties of Prototypical Cu(I)–Phenanthroline Complexes. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2015, 119(27), 7026-7037.
- Fernandez-Cestau J, Bertrand B, Blaya M, Jones G, Penfold TJ, Bochmann M. Synthesis and Luminescence Modulation of Pyrazine-Based Gold(III) Pincer Complexes. Chemical Communications 2015, 51, 16629-16632.
- Capano G, Milne CJ, Chergui M, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I, Penfold TJ. Probing Wavepacket Dynamics using Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy. Journal of Physics B 2015, 48(21), 1-11.
- Penfold TJ. On Predicting the Excited State Properties of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015, 119(24), 13535–13544.
- Silatani M, Lima FA, Penfold TJ, Rittmann J, Rittmann-Frank H, Borca C, Grolimund D, Milne CJ, Chergui M. NO binding kinetics in myoglobin investigated by picosecond Fe K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015, 112(42), 12922-12927.
- Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Local Control Theory in Trajectory Surface Hopping Dynamics Applied to the Excited‐State Proton Transfer of 4‐Hydroxyacridine. ChemPhysChem 2015, 16(10), 2127-2133.
- Kim KH, Kim J, Oang KY, Lee JH, Grolimund D, Milne CJ, Penfold TJ, Johnson SL, Galler A, Kim TW, Kim JG, Suh D, Moon J, Kim J, Hong K, Guerin L, Kim TK, Wulff M, Bressler C, Ihee H. Identifying the major intermediate species by combining time-resolved X-ray solution scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2015, 17(36), 23298-23302.
- Penfold TJ, Reinhard M, Rittmann-Frank MH, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Glatzel P, Chergui M. X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Solvent Effects on the Ferrous and Ferric Hexacyanide Anions. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2014, 118(40), 9411-9418.
- Lima FA, Penfold TJ, vanderVeen RM, Reinhard M, Abela R, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Benfatto M, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Probing the electronic and geometric structure of ferric and ferrous myoglobins in physiological solutions by Fe K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2014, 16(4), 1617-1631.
- Zamponi F, Penfold TJ, Nachtegaal M, Lubcke A, Rittmann J, Milne CJ, Chergui M, vanBokhoven JA. Probing the dynamics of plasmon-excited hexanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles by picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2014, 16(42), 23157-23163.
- Reinhard M, Penfold TJ, Lima FA, Rittmann J, Rittmann-Frank MH, Abela R, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Photooxidation and photoaquation of iron hexacyanide in aqueous solutions: A picosecond X-ray absorption study. Structural Dynamics 2014, 1, 024901-1-024901-12.
- Rittmann-Frank MH, Milne CJ, Rittmann J, Reinhard M, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Mapping of the Photoinduced Electron Traps in TiO2 by Picosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2014, 53(23), 5858-5862.
- Franco de Carvalho F, Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Tavernelli I. Derivation of spin-orbit couplings in collinear linear-response TDDFT: a rigorous formulation. Journal of Chemical Physics 2014, 140, 144103.
- Rossi T, Penfold TJ, Rittmann-Frank MH, Reinhard M, Rittmann J, Borca CN, Grolimund D, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Characterizing the Structure and Defect Concentration of ZnO Nanoparticles in a Colloidal Solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2014, 118(33), 19422-19430.
- Capano G, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. A Vibronic Coupling Hamiltonian to Describe the Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of a Cu(I)-Phenanthroline Complex. Chimia 2014, 68(4), 227-230.
- Capano G, Chergui M, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I, Penfold TJ. A Quantum Dynamics Study of the Ultrafast Relaxation in a Prototypical Cu(I)-Phenanthroline. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2014, 118(42), 9861-9869.
- ElNahhas A, vanderVeen RM, Penfold TJ, Pham VT, Lima FA, Abela R, Blanco-Rodriguez AM, Zàlis S, Vleck A, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Chergui M. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Ground and Excited Rhenium-Carbonyl-Diimine Complexes: Evidence for a Two-Center Electron Transfer. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2013, 117(2), 361-369.
- Capano G, Penfold TJ, Besley NA, Milne CJ, Reinhard M, Rittmann-Frank H, Glatzel P, Abela R, Rothlisberger U, Chergui M, Tavernelli I. The role of Hartree-Fock exchange in the simulation of X-ray absorption spectra: A study of photoexcited [Fe(bpy)3]2+. Chemistry Physics Letters 2013, 580, 179-184.
- Penfold TJ, Tavernelli I, Doemer M, Abela R, Rothlisberger U, Chergui M. Solvent rearrangements during the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic solvation. Chemical Physics 2013, 410, 25-30.
- Penfold TJ, Karlsson S, Capano G, Lima FA, Reinhard M, Rittmann-Frank MH, Rittmann J, Braem O, Abela R, Baranoff E, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Solvent induced luminescence quenching: Static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a Copper(I) phenanthroline complex. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2013, 117, 4591-4601.
- Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics using linear-response time-dependent density functional theory. Central European Journal of Physics 2013, 11, 1059-1065.
- Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Local Control Theory using Trajectory Surface Hopping and Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. Chimia 2013, 67, 218-222.
- Penfold TJ, Tavernelli I, Milne CJ, Reinhard M, ElNahhas A, Abela R, Rothlisberger U, Chergui M. A wavelet analysis for the X-ray absorption spectra of molecules. Journal of Chemical Physics 2013, 138(1), 014104.
- Penfold TJ, Tavernelli I, Abela R, Chergui M, Rothlisberger U. Ultrafast anisotropic x-ray scattering in the condensed phase. New Journal of Physics 2012, 14, 113002.
- Penfold TJ, Curchod BFE, Tavernelli I, Abela R, Rothlisberger U, Chergui M. Simulations of X-ray absorption spectra: the effect of the solvent. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2012, 14, 9444-9450.
- Penfold TJ, Spesyvtsev R, Kirby OM, Parker DSN, Minns RS, Spesyvtsev R, Fielding HH, Worth GA. Quantum dynamics of the complex photochemistry of benzene in the channel 3 region. Journal of Chemical Physics 2012, 137, 204310.
- Braem O, Penfold TJ, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. Femtosecond Fluorescence Study of Vibrational Relaxation and Cooling dynamics of UV dyes. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2012, 14, 3513-3519.
- Mansart B, Cottet MJG, Penfold TJ, Dugdale SB, Tediosi R, Chergui M, Carbone F. Evidence for a Peierls phase-transition in a three-dimensional multiple charge-density waves solid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012, 109, 5603-5608.
- Pham VT, Penfold TJ, vanderVeen RM, Lima FA, elNahhas A, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Abela R, Bressler C, Tavernelli I, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Probing the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic solvation with atomic scale resolution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011, 133, 12740-12748.
- Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Local control theory in trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics. Physical Review A 2011, 84, 042507.
- Penfold TJ, Worth GA. The effect of molecular distortions on spin–orbit coupling in simple hydrocarbons. Chemical Physics 2010, 375, 58–66.
- Penfold TJ, Worth GA, Meier C. Local control of multidimensional dynamics. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2010, 12, 15616-15627.
- Minns RS, Parker DSN, Penfold TJ, Worth GA, Fielding HH. Competing ultrafast intersystem crossing and internal conversion in the “channel 3” region of benzene. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2010, 12, 15607-15615.
- Parker DSN, Minns RS, Penfold TJ, Worth GA, Fielding HH. Ultrafast dynamics of the S1 excited state of benzene. Chemical Physics Letters 2009, 469, 43–47.
- Penfold TJ, Worth GA. A model Hamiltonian to simulate the complex photochemistry of benzene. Journal of Chemical Physics 2009, 131, 064303.
- Penfold TJ, Worth GA. The photodissociation of ozone: A quasi-classical approach to a quantum mechanical problem. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 2007, 26, 613-21.
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Book Chapter
- Dias FB, Penfold TJ, Berberan-Santos MN, Monkman AP. Photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in organic molecules. In: World Scientific Reference On Spin In Organics. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, 2017, pp.227-261.
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Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstract)
- Penfold TJ, Szlachetko J, Gawelda W, Santomauro FG, Britz A, van Drie TB, Sala L, Ebner S, Southworth SH, Doumy G, March AM, Lehmann CS, Katayama T, Mucke M, Iablonskyi D, Kumagai Y, Knopp G, Motomura K, Togashi T, Owada S, Yabashi M, Rittmann J, Nielsen MM, Pajek M, Ueda K, Chergui M, Abela R, Milne CJ. Femtosecond X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy on zno nanoparticles in solution. In: International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. 2016, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA: OSA - The Optical Society.
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Editorials
- Orr-Ewing AJ, Kornilov O, Solling TI, Keane T, Minitti MP, Worner HJ, Schalk O, Roberts GM, Minns RS, Milne CJ, Miseikis L, Penfold TJ, Miller RJD, Domcke W, Centurion M, Ueda K, Weber PM, Gessner O, Neumark DM, Stolow A, Yano J, Mukamel S, Stavros VG. Vibrational and condensed phase dynamics: general discussion. Faraday Discussions 2016, 194, 747-775.
- Decleva P, Orr-Ewing AJ, Kowalewski M, Kornilov O, Marangos JP, Worner HJ, Johnson AS, Forbes R, Rolles D, Townsend D, Schalk O, Mai S, Penfold TJ, Miller RJD, Centurion M, Ueda K, Domcke W, Weber PM, Baeck KK, Travnikova O, Liekhus-Schmaltz C, Figueira JAP, Neumark NDM, Gessner O, Stolow A, Rudenko A, Mishra PK, Kirrander A, Dowek D, Martin F, Vibok A, Minitti MP, Stankus B, Burger C. Structural dynamics: general discussion. Faraday Discussions 2016, 194, 583-620.
- Orr-Ewing AJ, Verlet JRR, Penfold TJ, Minns RS, Minitti MP, Solling TI, Schalk O, Kowalewski M, Marangos JP, Robb MA, Johnson AS, Worner HJ, Shalashilin DV, Miller RJD, Domcke W, Ueda K, Weber PM, Cireasa R, Vacher M, Roberts GM, Decleva P, Bencivenga F, Neumark DM, Gessner O, Stolow A, Mishra PK, Polyak I, Baeck KK, Kirrander A, Dowek D, Jimenez-Galan A, Martin F, Mukamel S, Sekikawa T, Gelin MF, Townsend D, Makhov DV, Neville SP. Electronic and non-adiabatic dynamics: general discussion. Faraday Discussions 2016, 194, 209-257.
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Reviews
- Milne CJ, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Recent experimental and theoretical developments in time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies. Coordination Chemistry Review 2014, 277-278, 44-68.
- Penfold TJ, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquids. Advances in Chemical Physics 2013, 153, 1-41.
- Penfold TJ, Tavernelli I, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Hydrophobicity with atomic resolution: Steady state and ultrafast X-ray absorption and molecular dynamics studies. Pure and Applied Chemistry 2013, 85, 53-60.
- Milne CJ, vanderVeen RM, Pham VT, Lima FA, Rittmann-Frank H, Reinhard M, vanMourik F, Karlsson S, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Ultrafast X-ray Absorption Studies of the Structural Dynamics of Molecular and Biological Systems in Solution. Chimia 2011, 65, 303-307.
- Brunk E, Ashari N, Athri P, Campomanes P, Curchod BFE, Diamantis P, Doemer M, Garrec J, Laktionov A, Micciarelli M, Neri M, Palermo G, Penfold TJ, Vanni S, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U. Pushing the Frontiers of First-Principles Based Computer Simulations of Chemical and Biological Systems. Chimia 2011, 65, 667-671.
- Curchod BFE, Campomanes PC, Laktionov A, Neri M, Penfold TJ, Vanni S, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U. Mechanical (QM/MM) Simulations of Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Ultrafast Phenomena. Chimia 2011, 65, 330-333.