Aims

To introduce the mathematical description of the wave theory of matter and other aspects of basic quantum theory.

Module Summary

Quantum mechanics is the theoretical framework used to describe the most fundamental properties of matter. It has a rich mathematical structure and it has provided the impetus for many advances in mathematics. It also has many practical applications, including the modelling of atoms, molecules and semiconductors. Recently, quantum theory has been used extensively to model superfluids and supercooled gases, and there are even attempts to build computers which function by the laws of quantum mechanics.

This module introduces quantum mechanics in terms of waves and explains how to formulate and solve the Schrodinger equation for matter waves, with appropriate mathematical examples and physical interpretation. Examples include “quantum particles” in different potentials, and their scattering and wave-mechanical interference. It also provides a more formal approach based on simple operator theory.

Outline Of Syllabus

Wave mechanics overview: mathematical solution of ordinary/partial differential wave equation and wave interference. The collapse of determinism and the uncertainty principle. Schrodinger's equation and concept of quantum-mechanical wavefunction. Mathematical solutions of finite, infinite square wells: energy quantisation, superposition of states and the correspondence principle. Scattering on potential barriers. The harmonic oscillator and Hermite polynomials. Formal structure of quantum mechanics: fundamental postulates; operators, eigenvalues and observables.

Teaching Rationale And Relationship

The teaching methods are appropriate to allow students to develop a wide range of skills, from understanding basic concepts and facts to higher-level thinking. Lectures are used for the delivery of theory and explanation of methods, illustrated with examples, and for giving general feedback on marked work. Problem Classes are used to help develop the students’ abilities at applying the theory to solving problems.

Assessment Rationale And Relationship

A substantial formal unseen examination is appropriate for the assessment of the material in this module. The format of the examination will enable students to reliably demonstrate their own knowledge, understanding and application of learning outcomes. The assurance of academic integrity forms a necessary part of the programme accreditation.

Examination problems may require a synthesis of concepts and strategies from different sections, while they may have more than one ways for solution. The examination time allows the students to test different strategies, work out examples and gather evidence for deciding on an effective strategy, while carefully articulating their ideas and explicitly citing the theory they are using.

The coursework assignments allow the students to develop their problem solving techniques, to practise the methods learnt in the module, to assess their progress and to receive feedback; these assessments have a secondary formative purpose as well as their primary summative purpose.