Staff Profile
Dr Lei Shi
Associate Professor
- Email: lei.shi@ncl.ac.uk
- Personal Website: http://shilei.me
- Address: Open Lab, 1st Floor, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, NE4 5TG, United Kingdom
Hello, I'm Lei. I am the Director of Haii Lab, Associate Professor (Senior Lecturer) in the Open Lab, Deputy Degree Programme Director of MSc Digital Technology Solutions Degree Apprenticeship (Software Engineering Specialist) and Postgraduate Research Admissions Tutor at the School of Computing. My academic journey has been enriched by my experiences at esteemed institutions, including Durham, Liverpool, and Warwick universities, before my tenure at Newcastle.
I am currently a member of the managing committee for EATEL. I am the Communication Chair for ECTEL2024, which will take place in Krems, Austria, on 16-20 September 2024. Previously, I was a local organiser and Web Chair for AIED2022 and EDM2022. I also served as the Proceedings Chair for IoT2022, and the Workshops and Tutorials Chair for AIED2023.
To prospective full-time and visiting PhD students:
We welcome applications for PhD studies throughout the year. To be eligible, candidates should possess (or be nearing the completion of) an undergraduate (BSc) or postgraduate (MSc) degree in any of the following fields: Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Applied Statistics, Human-Computer Interaction, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Learning Science/Engineering, Applied Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Instructional Design, Industrial Design, Innovation Sciences, or a closely related field. As a PhD student, you’ll thrive under the tutelage of a diverse and experienced academic team, with me as your primary supervisor. You’ll also join the vibrant community within the Haii Lab and Open Lab, at the School of Computing, Newcastle University, engaging with a cohort of fellow scholars passionate about computing and innovation. Regarding the application process, please reach out via email to initiate a dialogue on potential research themes and any queries you may have. In your email, please attach:
- A clearly articulated research proposal that outlines your envisioned study.
- A detailed CV and a persuasive cover letter that highlight your academic journey and your fit for the PhD program.
- Two robust letters of recommendation that attest to your scholarly potential.
- Academic transcripts and certificates from your BSc and MSc studies.
- Proof of English proficiency (e.g., IELTS score), if applicable.
Explore project ideas and find inspiration on the Projects page.
Have a look at who my current PhD students are.
At the core of my research is a mission to transform human-AI interactions. By integrating the principles of human-computer interaction (HCI) with advanced AI technologies, I explore innovative pathways for humans and AI to collaborate and co-create. My work is deeply rooted in ensuring that these interactions are guided by ethical, legal, and societal considerations.
My passion for empirically investigating AI-powered interactive systems fuels my research. I am committed to developing technologies that enhance creativity, productivity, adaptability, participation, diversity, inclusion, and heterogeneity. These values are essential to creating AI systems that are not only efficient but also ethically responsible and socially beneficial.
My research spans a wide range of applied fields, including education, design, publicity, cybersecurity, healthcare, and well-being. I am deeply engaged in exploring how AI can advance these sectors, with a strong focus on the ethical and societal implications. By merging HCI and AI, I aim to significantly contribute to the development of intelligent systems that are both high-performing and conscientious.
I am currently the Lead of "FAMOUS: Fake Activity Market Observation System of Unethical Services", a project funded by the European Media and Information Fund with a grant of €400,000. Our mission is to combat the growing threat of fake activities in Europe by disrupting the fake accounts market ecosystem that drives disinformation. In partnership with Luxembourg's IRiSC Research Group, we are tackling critical issues such as influencer marketing fraud, phishing scams, and counterfeit product sales. Our goal is to develop specialised tools for social media platforms, regulators, researchers, marketing agencies, and the public to track these deceptive activities and generate meaningful insights.
In addition, I co-lead the EPSRC AGENCY project, "Assuring Citizen Agency in a World with Complex Online Harms" (EP/W032481/2). This project aims to establish interdisciplinary scientific methods, technologies, and collaborative societal approaches to empower individuals with online agency in the face of complex online harms.
My current projects can be explored here, and my up-to-date publication list is available on Google Scholar.
I am the module leader for CSC8611 Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interaction & Futures
Before joining Newcastle, I was the module leader for COMP2261 Artificial Intelligence and re-developed (doubled) its Machine Learning sub-module. I created a new module, COMP3647 Human-AI Interaction Design, at Durham University.
I am also supervising student projects in:
- CSC3094 - Major Project and Dissertation in Computer Science
- CSC8609 - Project in Human-Computer Interaction
- CSC8499 - Project and Dissertation for MSc in Advanced Computer Science
- CSC8429 - Capstone Project for Software Engineering Degree Apprenticeship
- CSC8099 - Project and Dissertation for MSc Computer Science
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Articles
- Wang J, Ivrissimtzis I, Li Z, Shi L. Hand Gesture Recognition for User-defined Textual Inputs and Gestures. Universal Access in the Information Society 2024. In Press.
- Chen L, Jing Q, Zhou Y, Li Z, Shi L, Sun L. Element-conditioned GAN for graphic layout generation. Neurocomputing 2024, 591, 127730.
- Feng J, Zhang R, Chen D, Shi L, Li Z. Automated Generation of ICD-11 Cluster Codes for Precision Medical Record Classification. International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 2024, 19(1), 6251.
- Li Z, Shi L, Wang J, Cristea A, Zhou Y. Sim-GAIL: A Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning Approach of Student Modelling for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Neural Computing and Applications 2023, 35, 24369-24388.
- Yu J, Cristea AI, Harit A, Sun Z, Aduragba OT, Shi L, Moubayed NA. Language as a latent sequence: Deep latent variable models for semi-supervised paraphrase generation. AI Open 2023, 4, 19-32.
- Feng J, Zhang R, Chen D, Shi L, Xiao C. Label-based Topic Modeling to Enhance Medical Triage for Medical Triage Robots. Studies in Informatics and Control 2023, 32(4), 37-48.
- Zhang Lekai, Li Ming, Wang Yifan, Xing Baixi, Liu Xiaojian, Tang Zhichuan, Shi Lei. Emocolor: An assistant design method for emotional color matching based on semantics and images. Color Research and Application 2023, 48(3), 312-327.
- Olabode S, Owens R, Zhang N, Copilah-Ali J, Kolomeets M, Wu H, Malviya S, Markeviciute K, Spiliotopoulos T, Neesham C, Shi L, Chambers D. Complex Online Harms and the Smart Home: A Scoping Review. Future Generation Computer Systems 2023, 149, 664-678.
- Feng J, Zhang R, Chen D, Shi L. A Visualization Method of Knowledge Graphs for the Computation and Comprehension of Ultrasound Reports. Biomimetics 2023, 8(8), 560.
- Oliveira W, Hamari J, Shi L, Toda A, Rodrigues L, Palomino P, Isotani S. Tailored gamification in education: A literature review and future agenda. Education and Information Technologies 2022, 28, 373–406.
- Xing Baixi, Cao Hanfei, Shi Lei, Si Huahao, Zhao Lina. AI‐driven user aesthetics preference prediction for UI layouts via deep convolutional neural networks. Cognitive Computation and Systems 2022, 4(3), 250-264.
- Xing Baixi, Si Huahao, Chen Junbin, Ye Minchao, Shi Lei. Computational Model for Predicting User Aesthetic Preference for GUI using DCNNs. CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction 2021, 3, 147-169.
- Toda A, Klock A, Oliveira W, Palomino P, Rodrigues Luiz, Shi L, Bittencourt I, Gasparini I, Isotani S, Cristea A. Analysing Gamification Elements in Educational Environments Using an Existing Gamification Taxonomy. Smart Learning Environments 2019, 6(1), 16.
- Shi L, Cristea A. Learners Thrive Using Multifaceted Open Social Learner Modeling. IEEE MultiMedia 2016, 23(1), 36-47.
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Book Chapters
- Xiao C, Shi L, Cristea A, Li Z, Pan Z. Fine-grained Main Ideas Extraction and Clustering of Online Course Reviews. In: 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022). Cham: Springer, 2022, pp.294-306.
- Drousiotis E, Pentaliotis P, Shi L, Cristea A. Balancing Fined-Tuned Machine Learning Models Between Continuous and Discrete Variables - A Comprehensive Analysis Using Educational Data. In: 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022). Cham: Springer, 2022, pp.256-268.
- Shi L, Yang B, Toda A. Temporal Analysis in Massive Open Online Courses – Towards Identifying at-Risk Students Through Analyzing Demographical Changes. In: Alena Siarheyeva, Chris Barry, Michael Lang, Henry Linger, Christoph Schneider, ed. Advances in Information Systems Development: International Systems Beyond 2020. Cham: Springer, 2020, pp.146-163.
- Alamri A, Alshehri M, Cristea A, Pereira F, Oliveira E, Shi L, Stewart C. Predicting MOOCs Dropout Using Only Two Easily Obtainable Features from the First Week’s Activities. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2019). Cham: Springer, 2019, pp.163-173.
- Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra. Motivational Gamification Strategies Rooted in Self-Determination Theory for Social Adaptive E-Learning. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2016. Springer, Cham, 2016.
- Shi L, Cristea A, Stewart C. Students as Customers: Participatory Design for Adaptive Web 3.0. In: Pedro I, ed. The Evolution of the Internet in the Business Sector: Web 1.0 to Web 3.0. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2015, pp.306-331.
- Shi Lei, MacKrill James, Dimitrokali Elisavet, Dawson Carolyn, Cain Rebecca. Digital Co-design Applied to Healthcare Environments: A Comparative Study. In: Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp.518-522.
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Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstracts)
- Li Z, Yang J, Wang J, Shi L, Feng J, Stein S. LBKT: A LSTM BERT-based Knowledge Tracing Model for Long-Sequence Data. In: 20th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2024). 2024, Thessaloniki, Greece: Institute of Intelligent Systems.
- Wang J, Ivrissimtzis I, Li Z, Shi L. Impact of Personalised AI Chat Assistant on Mediated Human-Human Textual Conversations: Exploring Female-Male Differences. In: 29th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'24). 2024, Greenville, South Carolina, USA: ACM.
- Wang J, Ivrissimtzis I, Li Z, Shi L. Enhancing User Experience in Chinese Initial Text Conversations with Personalised AI-Powered Assistant. In: CHI EA '24: Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2024, Honolulu, HI, USA: ACM.
- Wang J, Ivrissimtzis I, Li Z, Shi L. Comparative Efficacy of 2D and 3D Virtual Reality Games in American Sign Language Learning. In: 31st IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces. 2024, Orlando, Florida USA: IEEE.
- Rusnachenko Nicolay, Liang Huizhi, Kolomeets Maxim, Shi Lei. ARElight: Context Sampling of Large Texts for Deep Learning Relation Extraction. In: The 46th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR). 2024, Glasgow, Scotland: Springer. In Press.
- Wang Jindi, Ivrissimtzis Ioannis, Li Zhaoxing, Zhou Yunzhan, Shi Lei. User-Defined Hand Gesture Interface to Improve User Experience of Learning American Sign Language. In: Augmented Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 19th International Conference, ITS 2023. 2023, Corfu, Greece: Springer.
- Li Zhaoxing, Shi Lei, Zhou Yunzhan, Wang Jindi. Towards Student Behaviour Simulation: A Decision Transformer Based Approach. In: Augmented Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 19th International Conference, ITS 2023. 2023, Corfu, Greece: Springer.
- Li Zhaoxing, Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra, Zhou Yunzhan, Xiao Chenghao, Pan Ziqi. SimStu-Transformer: A Transformer-Based Approach to Simulating Student Behaviour. In: 23rd International Conference, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2022). 2022, Durham, UK: Springer, Cham.
- Drousiotis Efthyvoulos, Shi Lei, Spirakis Paul, Maskell Simon. Novel Decision Forest Building Techniques by Utilising Correlation Coefficient Methods. In: 23rd International Conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks. 2022, Chersonissos, Crete, Greece: Springer.
- Drousiotis Efthyvoulos, Shi Lei, Spirakis Paul, Maskell Simon. Novel Decision Forest Building Techniques by Utilising Correlation Coefficient Methods. In: Engineering Applications of Neural Networks: 23rd International Conference, EAAAI/EANN 2022. 2022, Chersonissos, Crete, Greece: Springer.
- Sun Z, Harit A, Cristea A, Yu J, Al Moubayed N, Shi L. Is Unimodal Bias Always Bad for Visual Question Answering? A Medical Domain Study with Dynamic Attention. In: IEEE BigData 2022. 2022, Osaka, Japan: IEEE.
- Yu J, Cristea A, Harit A, Sun Z, Aduragba O, Shi L, Al Moubayed N. INTERACTION: A Generative XAI Framework for Natural Language Inference Explanations. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2022). 2022, Padova, Italy: IEEE.
- Xiao Chenghao, Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra, Li Zhaoxing, Pan Ziqi. Fine-grained Main Ideas Extraction and Clustering of Online Course Reviews. In: AIED 2022: Artificial Intelligence in Education. 2022, Durham, UK: Springer.
- Yu J, Cristea A, Harit A, Sun Z, Aduragba O, Shi L, Al Moubayed N. Efficient Uncertainty Quantification for Multilabel Text Classification. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2022). 2022, Padova, Italy: IEEE.
- Aduragba O, Yu J, Cristea A, Shi L. Detecting Fine-Grained Emotions on Social Media during Major Disease Outbreaks: Health and Well-being before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: AMIA 2021 Annual Symposium. 2022, San Diego, USA: American Medical Informatics Association.
- Sun Zhongtian, Harit Anoushka, Cristea Alexandra, Yu Jialin, Shi Lei, Al Moubayed Noura. Contrastive Learning with Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networks on Short Text Classification. In: 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). 2022, Padova, Italy: IEEE.
- Hodgson R, Cristea A, Shi L, Graham J. Wide-Scale Automatic Analysis of 20 Years of ITS Research. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2021. 2021, Virtual Event: Springer, Cham.
- Yu Jialin, Alrajhi Laila, Harit Anoushka, Sun Zhongtian, Cristea Alexandra, Shi Lei. Exploring Bayesian Deep Learning for Urgent Instructor Intervention Need in MOOC Forums. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 17th International Conference, ITS 2021. 2021, Virtual: Springer.
- Drousiotis Efthyvoulos, Shi Lei, Maskell Simon. Early Predictor for Student Success Based on Behavioural and Demographical Indicators. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 17th International Conference, ITS 2021. 2021, Virtual: Springer.
- Drousiotis Efthyvoulos, Pentaliotis Panagiotis, Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra. Capturing Fairness and Uncertainty in Student Dropout Prediction – A Comparison Study. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education: 22nd International Conference, AIED 2021. 2021, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
- Alharbi Kholood, Cristea Alexandra, Shi Lei, Tymms Peter, Brown Chris. Agent-based Simulation of the Classroom Environment to Gauge the Effect of Inattentive or Disruptive Students. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems 17th International Conference, ITS 2021. 2021, Virtual: Springer.
- Alharbi Kholood, Cristea Alexandra, Shi Lei, Tymms Peter, Brown Chris. Agent-Based Classroom Environment Simulation: The Effect of Disruptive Schoolchildren’s Behaviour Versus Teacher Control over Neighbours. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AIED 2021: Artificial Intelligence in Education. 2021, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
- Li Zhaoxing, Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra, Zhou Yunzhan. A Survey of Collaborative Reinforcement Learning: Interactive Methods and Design Patterns. In: DIS '21: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021. 2021, Virtual: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Sun Z, Harit A, Yu J, Cristea A, Shi L. A Brief Survey of Deep Learning Approaches for Learning Analytics on MOOCs. In: International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITS 2021. 2021, Virtual: Springer.
- Oliveira W, Toda A, Palomino P, Rodrigues L, Shi L, Isotani S. Towards Automatic Flow Experience Identification in Educational Systems: A Qualitative Study. In: Anais do XXXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. 2020, Online: Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.
- Yu J, Aduragba O, Sun Z, Black S, Stewart C, Shi L, Cristea A. Temporal Sentiment Analysis of Learners: Public Versus Private Social Media Communication Channels in a Women-in-Tech Conversion Course. In: 15th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE 2020). 2020, Delft, Netherlands: IEEE.
- Shi L, Cristea A, Toda A, Oliveira W, Alamri A. Social Interactions Clustering MOOC Students: An Exploratory Study. In: 20th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2020). 2020, Tartu, Estonia: IEEE.
- Alamri Ahmed, Sun Zhongtian, Cristea Alexandra, Senthilnathan Gautham, Shi Lei, Stewart Craig. Is MOOC Learning Different for Dropouts? A Visually-Driven, Multi-granularity Explanatory ML Approach. In: 16th International Conference, ITS 2020. 2020, Athens, Greece: Springer International Publishing.
- Shi Lei, Cristea Alexandra, Toda Armando, Oliveira Wilk. Exploring Navigation Styles in a FutureLearn MOOC. In: 16th International Conference, ITS 2020. 2020, Athens, Greece: Springer.
- Oliveira Wilk, Toda Armando, Toledo Paula, Shi Lei, Vassileva Julita, Bittencourt Ig, Isotani Seiji. Does Tailoring Gamified Educational Systems Matter? The Impact on Students' Flow Experience. In: The 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). 2020, Grand Wailea, Maui: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
- Toda Armando, Palomino Paula, Rodrigues Luiz, Oliveira Wilk, Shi Lei, Isotani Seiji, Cristea Alexandra. Validating the Effectiveness of Data-Driven Gamification Recommendations: An Exploratory Study. In: The Brazilian Symposium on Informatics in Education (SBIE 2019) Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. 2019, Brasilia, Brasil: Brazilian Computer Society.
- Oliveira Wilk, Toda Armando, Palomino Paula, Rodrigues Luiz, Shi Lei, Isotani Seiji. Towards Automatic Flow Experience Identification in Educational Systems: A Theory-driven Approach. In: Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY '19). 2019, Barcelona, Spain: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Shi L, Cristea A, Toda A, Oliveira W. Social Engagement versus Learning Engagement An Exploratory Study of FutureLearn Learners. In: IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE 2019). 2019, Dalian, China: IEEE.
- Shi L, Cristea A, Toda A, Oliveira W. Revealing the Hidden Patterns: A Comparative Study on Profiling Subpopulations of MOOC Students. In: 28th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2019). 2019, Toulon, France: Association for Information Systems.
- Toda A, Oliveira W, Shi L, Bittencourt I, Isotani S, Cristea A. Planning Gamification Strategies based on User Characteristics and DM: A Gender-based Case Study. In: 12th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. 2019, Montréal, Canada: Educational Data Mining.
- Yang Bokuan, Shi Lei, Toda Armando. Demographical Changes of Student Subgroups in MOOCs: Towards Predicting At-Risk Students. In: 28th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2019). 2019, Toulon, France: Association for Information Systems.
- Toda A, Oliveira W, Klock A, Shi L, Bittencourt I, Gasparini I, Isotani S, Cristea A, Palomino P. A Taxonomy of Game Elements for Gamification in Educational Contexts: Proposal and Evaluation. In: IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2019). 2019, Maceió, Brazil: IEEE.
- Alshehri Mohammad, Foss Jonathan, Cristea Alexandra, Kayama Mizue, Shi Lei, Alamri Ahmed, Tsakalidis Adam. On the need for fine-grained analysis of Gender versus Commenting Behaviour in MOOCs. In: The 2018 The 3rd International Conference on Information and Education Innovations (ICIEI'18). 2018, London, England: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Cristea Alexandra, Alamri Ahmed, Kayama Mizue, Stewart Craig, Alshehri Mohammad, Shi Lei. How is Learning Fluctuating? FutureLearn MOOCs Fine-grained Temporal Analysis and Feedback to Teachers and Designers. In: The 27th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2018). 2018, Lund, Sweden: Association for Information Systems.
- Cristea Alexandra, Alamri Ahmed, Kayama Mizue, Stewart Craig, Alshehri Mohammad, Shi Lei. Earliest Predictor of Dropout in MOOCs: A Longitudinal Study of FutureLearn Courses. In: The 27th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2018). 2018, Lund, Sweden: Association for Information Systems.
- Cristea Alexandra, Alamri Ahmed, Alshehri Mohammad, Kayama Mizue, Foss Jonathan, Shi Lei, Stewart Craig. Can Learner Characteristics Predict Their Behaviour on MOOCs?. In: The 10th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (ICETC '18). 2018, Tokyo: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Alamr Ahmed, Rusby Harry, Cristea Alexandra, Kayama Mizue, Khan Javed, Shi Lei, Stewart Craig. An intuitive Authoring System for a Personalised, Social, Gamified, Visualisation-supporting e-learning System. In: The 3rd International Conference on Information and Education Innovations (ICIEI'18). 2018, London, United Kingdom: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Zhou Yiwei, Cristea Alexandra, Shi Lei. Connecting Targets to Tweets: Semantic Attention-based Model for Target-Specific stance Detection. In: Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2017, 18th International Conference. 2017, Puschino, Russia: Springer International Publishing.
- Alamri Afaf, Cristea Alexandra, Shi Lei. Designing a Collaborative Group Project Recommender for an E-learning System. In: 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI). 2016, IEEE.
- Shi Lei, MacKrill James, Dimitrokali Elisavet, Cain Rebecca. Digital Crowdsourcing in Healthcare Environment Co-design. In: International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2015). 2015, Harbin, China: Association for Information Systems.
- Shi Lei, Dawson Carolyn, MacKrill James, Dimitrokali Elisavet, Cain Rebecca. Digital Co-design: A Future Method?. In: The 2015 British HCI Conference on - British HCI '15. 2015, Lincoln, England: Association for Computing Machinery.
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Working Paper
- Owens R, Copilah-Ali J, Kolomeets M, Malviya S, Markeviciute K, Olabode S, Spiliotopoulos T, Wu H, Nijia Zhang V, Coopamootoo K, Durrant A, Elliott K, Katsigiannis S, Neesham C, Shi L, Farrand B. Reimagining AI Governance: a Response by AGENCY to the UK Government's White Paper AI Regulation. 2023.