Staff Profile
Professor Candy Rowe
Professor of Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Dean of Research Culture and Strategy
- Email: candy.rowe@ncl.ac.uk
- Telephone: +44 (0) 191 208 8671
- Address: Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
I am Professor of Animal Behaviour and Cognition and Dean of Research Culture and Strategy at Newcastle University. I arrived in Newcastle in 1998, first as a Sir James Knott Fellow, and then a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellow, before being appointed as a lecturer in 2005. My expertise lie in animal behaviour and cognition, with particularly interests in how cognitive processes influence the evolution of animal communication and coloration, and how we can use cognition and behaviour to study animal emotion and improve animal welfare. I set-up and co-directed the Centre for Behaviour and Evolution in 2007, which has successfully built new and interdisciplinary collaborations between researchers interested in behaviour from across the university.
On top of enjoying my research at the interface between psychology and evolutionary biology, I am passionate about supporting people's careers and seeing them develop and succeed, and am a strong advocate for equality, diversity, inclusion (EDI) in the research environment. I currently work 2 days a week as Dean of Research Culture and Strategy for the university. Prior to this, I have been Chair of NU Women (our staff network for women across the institution), and Director of EDI for my Faculty, where I led a team that achieved our first faculty-wide Athena SWAN Silver Award. I am also Co-Chair of the University's 'For Families' project to make the University more family friendly, and co-lead a Wellcome Trust funded project to build an EDI Toolkit for research leaders. I also actively support career development of colleagues and students, through mentoring and career conversations, both inside and outside of Newcastle. Until recently, I was also Director of the Newcastle University Academic Track (NUAcT) Fellowship Scheme, which is an investment of £30M to appoint around 100 new fellows over five years (2019-2023), and support their professional development. I continue to have oversight of the scheme in my new role, as well as responsibility for developing our supportive and inclusive research culture, and embedding new ways of thinking into how we do research.
Research Interests
I work on the sensory and cognitive processes of animals in an evolutionary context. During my PhD training, I developed an interest in 'multimodal communication', where information is transferred between animals in more than one sensory modality. By studying the multimodal warning signals of toxic insect prey to their avian predators, I showed how cognitive systems can select for combinations of visual signals with olfactory and/or acoustic components: multimodal signals can be more effective at getting a message across. More recently, my research has focussed on how predators make optimal foraging decisions when faced with a variety of palatable and toxic prey, and the implications of these decision-making processes on the evolution of prey defence strategies. I have also explored what makes an effective warning signals, and how high contrast patterning could be an effective form of camouflage for moving prey.
I apply my expertise in animal cognition and behaviour to think about the evolution of cognition and the brain, and to address important questions in animal welfare. I am particularly interested in laboratory animal welfare, and how to best measure the welfare of rodents and primates and improve experimental protocols and husbandry procedures.
I am also actively conduct research relating to advancing equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in an academic context. Projects I am leading or contributing to involve those on unconscious bias, reward and recognition for EDI roles, and developing an EDI toolkit for research leaders.
My work has been supported by the BBSRC, NERC, NC3Rs, the Royal Society, the Wellcome Trust and the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. I currently hold external funding for a PhD student (BBSRC, 2020-2024) and developing open research training (Research England, 2022-2026)
I currently co-supervise and collaborate with two PhD students, Farhana Chowdhury and Ryan Nolan. Both are working on improving laboratory animal welfare .
External Activities
Grant Panel membership: I am currently Deputy Chair of BBSRC Committee A (2019-2022). Previously, I have served on the NC3Rs Grant Panel (2013-2015), BBSRC Committee A (2014-2016), BBSRC Training Awards Committee (2010-2012), a Norwegian Research Council (2013-15, Chair from 2014); BBSRC CASE Studentship Panel (2013). I also currently sit on the BBSRC People and Talent Strategy Advisory Panel.
Editorships: Most recently, I have been an Associate Editor for the Proceedings of the Royal Society B (2015-2017), but I have also been an Editor for Behavioral Ecology (2008-2013).
Other activities: I have sat on Athena SWAN Assessment Committees, and review Athena SWAN applications for UK institutions, and regularly speak about EDI and research culture. I have also recently become our institutional lead for the UK Reproducibility Network (UKRN).
- Clarkson JM, Leach MC, Flecknell PA, Rowe C. Negative mood affects the expression of negative but not positive emotions in mice. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020, 287(1933), 1636.
- Halpin CG, Penacchio O, Lovell PG, Cuthill IC, Harris JM, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Pattern contrast influences wariness in naïve predators towards aposematic patterns. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 9246 (2020).
- Umeton D, Tarawneh G, Fezza E, Read JCA, Rowe C. Pattern and speed interact to hide moving prey. Current Biology 2019, 29(18), 3109–3113.e3.
- Gray H, Thiele A, Rowe C. Using preferred fluids and different reward schedules to motivate rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in cognitive tasks. Laboratory Animals 2019, 53(4), 372-382.
- Clarkson JM, Dwyer DM, Flecknell PA, Leach MC, Rowe C. Handling method alters the hedonic value of reward in laboratory mice. Scientific Reports 2018, 8(1), 2448.
- Holmes GG, Delferriere E, Rowe C, Troscianko J, Skelhorn J. Testing the feasibility of the startle-first route to deimatism. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 10737.
- Halpin CG, Rowe C. The effect of distastefulness and conspicuous coloration on the post-attack rejection behaviour of predators and survival of prey. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2017, 120(1), 236-244.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C, Ruxton GD, Higginson AD. The Impact of Detoxification Costs and Predation Risk on Foraging: Implications for Mimicry Dynamics. PLoS One 2017, 12(1), e0169043.
- Gray H, Pearce B, Thiele A, Rowe C. The use of preferred social stimuli as rewards for rhesus macaques in behavioural neuroscience. PLoS ONE 2017, 12(5), e0178048.
- Umeton D, Read JCA, Rowe C. Unravelling the illusion of flicker fusion. Biology Letters 2017, 13(2).
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Cognition and the evolution of camouflage. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2016, 283(1825).
- Skelhorn J, Holmes GG, Rowe C. Deimatic or aposematic?. Animal Behaviour 2016, 113, e1-e3.
- Skelhorn J, Halpin CG, Rowe C. Learning about aposematic prey. Behavioral Ecology 2016, 27(4), 955-964.
- Gray H, Bertrand H, Mindus C, Flecknell P, Rowe C, Thiele A. Physiological, behavioral, and scientific impact of different fluid control protocols in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). eNeuro 2016, 3(4), 1-15.
- Smith KE, Halpin CG, Rowe C. The benefits of being toxic to deter predators depends on prey body size. Behavioral Ecology 2016, 27(6), 1650-165.
- Skelhorn J, Halpin CG, Rowe C. What do predators do? A response to comments on Skelhorn et al. Behavioral Ecology 2016, 27(4), 968-968.
- Carle T, Rowe C. Avian predators change their foraging strategy on defended prey when undefended prey are hard to find. Animal Behaviour 2014, 93, 97-103.
- Barnett CA, Bateson M, Rowe C. Better the devil you know: Avian predators find variation in prey toxicity aversive. Biology Letters 2014, 10(11), 1-4.
- Smith K, Halpin CG, Rowe C. Body size matters for aposematic prey during predator aversion learning. Behavioural Processes 2014, 109(Part B), 173-179.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Increased predation of nutrient-enriched aposematic prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2014, 281(1781), 20133255.
- Rowe C, Healy SD. Measuring cognition will be difficult but worth it: a response to comments on Rowe & Healy. Behavioral Ecology 2014, 25, 1298-1298.
- Rowe C, Healy SD. Measuring variation in cognition. Behavioral Ecology 2014, 25(6), 1287-1292.
- Chatelain M, Halpin CG, Rowe C. Ambient temperature influences birds' decisions to eat toxic prey. Animal Behaviour 2013, 86(4), 733-740.
- Healy SD, Rowe C. Costs and benefits of evolving a larger brain: Doubts over the evidence that large brains lead to better cognition. Animal Behaviour 2013, 86(4), e1-e3.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Predators' decisions to eat defended prey depend on the size of undefended prey. Animal Behaviour 2013, 85(6), 1315-1321.
- Rowe C. Receiver Psychology: A Receiver's Perspective. Animal Behaviour 2013, 85(3), 517-523.
- Rowe C, Halpin CG. Why are warning displays multimodal?. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2013, 67(9), 1425-1439.
- McIvor G, Rowe C, Healy SD. Deterring hooded crows from re-nesting on power poles. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2012, 36(4), 729-734.
- Barnett CA, Skelhorn J, Bateson M, Rowe C. Educated predators make strategic decisions to eat defended prey according to their toxin content. Behavioral Ecology 2012, 23(2), 418-424.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. The relationship between sympatric defended species depends upon predators’ discriminatory behaviour. PLoS One 2012, 7(9), e44895.
- Skelhorn J. Colour biases are a question of conspecifics' taste. Animal Behaviour 2011, 81(4), 825-829.
- Rowe C, Healy SD. Is bigger always better?. Science 2011, 333(6043), 708-709.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Birds learn to use distastefulness as a signal of toxicity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2010, 277(1688), 1729-1734.
- Healy S, Rowe C. Information processing: The ecology and evolution of cognitive abilities. In: Westneat, DF; Fox, CW, ed. Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, pp.162-176.
- Halpin C, Rowe C. Taste-rejection behaviour by predators can promote variability in prey defences. Biology Letters 2010, 6(5), 617-619.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Distastefulness as an antipredator defence strategy. Animal Behaviour 2009, 78(3), 761-766.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Being conspicuous and defended: Selective benefits for the individual. Behavioral Ecology 2008, 19(5), 1012-1017.
- Skelhorn J, Griksaitis D, Rowe C. Colour biases are more than a question of taste. Animal Behaviour 2008, 75(3), 827-835.
- Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Naïve predators and selection for rare conspicuous defended prey: the initial evolution of aposematism revisited. Animal Behaviour 2008, 75(3), 771-781.
- Healy SD, Rowe C. A critique of comparative studies of brain size. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2007, 274(1609), 453-464.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Automimic frequency influences the foraging decisions of avian predators on aposematic prey. Animal Behaviour 2007, 74(5), 1563-1572.
- ten Cate C, Rowe C. Biases in signal evolution: learning makes a difference. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2007, 22(7), 380-387.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Predators' Toxin Burdens Influence Their Strategic Decisions to Eat Toxic Prey. Current Biology 2007, 17(17), 1479-1483.
- Barnett CA, Bateson M, Rowe C. State-dependent decision making: educated predators strategically trade off the costs and benefits of consuming aposematic prey. Behavioral Ecology 2007, 18(4), 645-651.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Avian predators taste-reject aposematic prey on the basis of their chemical defence. Biology Letters 2006, 2(3), 348-350.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Do the defense chemicals of visually distinct aposematic species interact to enhance predator learning and memory?. Behavioral Ecology 2006, 17(6), 947-951.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Do the multiple defense chemicals of visually distinct species enhance predator learning?. Behavioral Ecology 2006, 17(6), 947-951.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Predator avoidance learning of prey with secreted or stored defences and the evolution of insect defences. Animal Behaviour 2006, 72(4), 827-834.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Prey palatability influences predator learning and memory. Animal Behaviour 2006, 71(5), 1111-1118.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Taste-rejection by predators and the evolution of unpalatability in prey. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2006, 60(4), 550-555.
- Rowe C, Skelhorn J. Colour biases are a question of taste. Animal Behaviour 2005, 69(3), 587-594.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Frequency-dependent taste-rejection by avian predation may select for defence chemical polymorphisms in aposematic prey. Biology Letters 2005, 1(4), 500-503.
- Rowe C. Multisensory learning: From experimental psychology to animal training. In: Anthrozoos: 13th Annual Conference of the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ). 2005, Glasgow, UK: Berg Publishers.
- Rowe C, Harris JM, Roberts SC, Barton RA, Hill RA. Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context. Nature 2005, 437(7063), E10.
- Rowe C, Harris JM, Roberts SC. Sporting contests - Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context. Nature 2005, 437(7063), E10-E10.
- Skelhorn J, Rowe C. Tasting the difference: Do multiple defence chemicals interact in Müllerian mimicry?. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2005, 272(1560), 339-345.
- Rowe C, Skelhorn J. Avian psychology and communication. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2004, 271(1547), 1435-1442.
- Rowe C, Lindstrom L, Lyytinen A. The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics in predator avoidance learning. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2004, 271(1537), 407-413.
- Rowe C. Sound improves visual discrimination learning in avian predators. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 2002, 269(1498), 1353-1357.
- Jetz W, Rowe C, Guilford T. Non-warning odors trigger innate color aversions - As long as they are novel. Behavioral Ecology 2001, 12(2), 134-139.
- Lindström L, Rowe C, Guilford T. Pyrazine odour biases food selection in avian predators against conspicuously coloured predators. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 2001, 268, 1-4.
- Lindstrom L, Rowe C, Guilford T. Pyrazine odour makes visually conspicuous prey aversive. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 2001, 268(1463), 159-162.
- Rowe C, Guilford T. Aposematism: to be red or dead. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2000, 15(7), 261-262.
- Rowe C, Guilford T. Novelty effects in a multimodal warning signal. Animal Behaviour 1999, 57(2), 341-346.
- Rowe C. One signal or two?. Science 1999, 284(5415), 743-744.
- Rowe C, Partan S, Marler P. One signal or two? [multiple letters]. Science 1999, 284(5415), 743-744.
- Rowe C. Preface. Evolutionary Ecology 1999, 13(7-8), 601-603.
- Rowe C. Receiver psychology and the evolution of multicomponent signals. Animal Behaviour 1999, 58(5), 921-931.
- Owens IPF, Rowe C, Thomas ALR. Sexual selection, speciation and imprinting: separating the sheep from the goats. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1999, 14(4), 131-132.
- Owens I, Rowe C, Thomas A. Sexual selection: separating genes from imprinting - Reply from I.P.F. Woens, C. Rowe and A.L.R. Thomas. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1999, 14(10), 399-399.
- Rowe C, Guilford T. The evolution of multimodal warning displays. Evolutionary Ecology 1999, 13(7-8), 655-671.