Staff Profile

Research Interests

My laboratory's aim is to discover the mechanisms of collagen cleavage in order to develop new therapies that prevent joint destruction in arthritis. We focus on the collagenases (MMPs-1, -8 and –13), and other enzymes that irreversibly break down fibrillar collagen. I discovered that oncostatin M (OSM) + interleukin 1 (IL-1) dramatically and reproducibly stimulate collagen release from cartilage - a key step in cartilage destruction. MMP-1, -3, -8 and –13 are all upregulated by this cytokine combination along with members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family and can be inhibited by the TIMPs. We showed the importance of collagenase activation in controlling cartilage collagen release and that blocking furin and other serine proteinases prevents such activation.

Gene array analysis of cytokine-treated chondrocytes identified novel genes that highlight potential new mechanisms involved in cartilage breakdown. These include cytokines, proteinases, components of signalling pathways, receptors and cell surface proteins. 

My research currently focuses on mechanisms of collagenolysis and the discovery of new substrates for the collagenases. I aim to study mechanisms of disease in osteoarthritis cartilage and investigate the cellular mechanisms of ageing in relation to extra cellular matrix turnover.  I will collaborate with other members of the MRC/AR-UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA) to investigate these ageing mechanisms in the other tissues of the joint such as tendon, bone and muscle.  Targets identified are investigated in human tissues to relate novel findings to human disease.

Keywords

arthritis, collagen, MMP, TIMP, connective tissue

• Wang H, Young DA, Cawston TE. Cartilage degradation, expression of mmp-13 and oxidation markers increase with age in the knee joints of aged mice. In: World Congress on Osteoarthritis. 2012, Barcelona, Spain: Elsevier Ltd.
• Hui W, Litherland GJ, Elias MS, Kitson GI, Cawston TE, Rowan AD, Young DA. Leptin produced by joint white adipose tissue induces cartilage degradation via upregulation and activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2012, 71(3), 455-462.
• Lakey RL, Morgan TG, Rowan AD, Isaacs JD, Cawston TE, Hilkens CM. A novel paradigm for dendritic cells as effectors of cartilage destruction. Rheumatology 2009, 48(5), 502-7.
• Cawston TE. Measurement of activity of collagenolytic MMP and inhibitors of MMPs using radiolabeled collagen substrate. Nature Protocols 2009, 4(3), 286-290.
• Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Corris PA, Johnson GE, Small T, Jones D, Fisher AJ, Egan JJ, Cawston TE, Lordan JL, Ward C. Azithromycin attenuates effects of lipopolysaccharide on lung allograft bronchial epithelial cells. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2008, 27(11), 1210-6.
• Zhang Q, Hui W, Litherland GJ, Barter MJ, Davidson R, Darrah C, Donell ST, Clark IM, Cawston TE, Robinson JH, Rowan AD, Young DA. Differential Toll-like receptor-dependent collagenase expression in chondrocytes. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2008, 67(11), 1633-41.
• Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Corris PA, Johnson GE, Small T, Jones D, Fisher AJ, Egan JJ, Cawston TE, Ward C, Lordan JL. Simvastatin attenuates release of neutrophilic and remodeling factors from primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from stable lung transplant recipients. American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2008, 294(3), L592-L599.
• Litherland GJ, Dixon C, Lakey RL, Robson T, Jones D, Young DA, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Synergistic collagenase expression and cartilage collagenolysis are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling-dependent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008, 283(21), 14221-14229.
• Bigg HF, Rowan AD, Barker MD, Cawston TE. Activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 against native collagen types I and III. The FEBS Journal 2007, 274(5), 1246-1255.
• Cawston TE, Morgan TG. Assessment of collagenase activity in cartilage. In: Cope, AP, ed. Arthritis Research. US: Humana Press, Inc, 2007, pp.211-226.
• Young-Min SA, Cawston TE, Marshall N, Coady DA, Christgau S, Saxne T, Robins S, Griffiths I. Biomarkers predict radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis and perform well compared with traditional markers. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2007, 56(10), 3236-3247.
• Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Ward C, Corris PA, Johnson GE, Jones D, Fisher AJ, Egan JJ, Cawston TE, Lordan JL. Effect of azithromycin on primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from stable lung allografts. Thorax 2007, 62(9), 833.
• Sukkar TZ, Thomason JM, Cawston TE, Lakey RL, Jones D, Catterall JB, Seymour RA. Gingival fibroblasts grown from cyclosporin-treated patients show a reduced production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) compared with normal gingival fibroblasts, and cyclosporin down-regulates the production of MMP-1 stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Periodontal Research 2007, 42(6), 580-588.
• Kloppenburg M, Stamm T, Watt I, Kainberger F, Cawston TE, Birrell F, Petersson I, Saxne T, Kvien T, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Dougados M, Gossec L, Breedveld F, Smolen J. Research in hand osteoarthritis: Time for reappraisal and demand for new strategies. An opinion paper. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007, 66(9), 1157-1161.
• Peake NJ, Foster HE, Khawaja K, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Assessment of the clinical significance of gelatinase activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis using quantitative protein substrate zymography. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2006, 65(4), 501-507.
• Catterall JB, Rowan AD, Sarsfield S, Saklatvala J, Wait R, Cawston TE. Development of a novel 2D proteomics approach for the identification of proteins secreted by primary chondrocytes after stimulation by IL-1 and oncostatin M. Rheumatology 2006, 45(9), 1101-1109.
• Milner JM, Kevorkian L, Young DA, Jones D, Wait R, Donell ST, Barksby HE, Patterson AM, Middleton JM, Cravatt BF, Clark IM, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Fibroblast activation protein alpha is expressed by chondrocytes following a pro-inflammatory stimulus and is elevated in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006, 8(1), R23.
• Forrest IA, Ward C, Murphy DM, Johnson GE, Jones D, Lordan JL, Cawston TE, Corris PA. Hepatocyte growth factor - A link between neutrophilic inflammation and BOS?. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2006, 25(2), S91.
• Morgan TG, Rowan AD, Dickinson SC, Jones D, Hollander AP, Deehan D, Cawston TE. Human nasal cartilage responds to oncostatin M in combination with interleukin 1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha by the release of collagen fragments via collagenases. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2006, 65(2), 184-190.
• Barksby HE, Hui W, Wappler I, Peters HH, Milner JM, Richards CD, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Interleukin-1 in combination with oncostatin M up-regulates multiple genes in chondrocytes - Implications for cartilage destruction and repair. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2006, 54(2), 540-550.
• Barksby HE, Milner JM, Patterson AM, Peake NJ, Hui W, Robson T, Lakey R, Middleton J, Cawston TE, Richards CD, Rowan AD. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 promotion of collagenolysis via procollagenase activation: Implications for cartilage degradation in arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2006, 54(10), 3244-3253.
• Milner JM, Rowan AD, Cawston TE, Young DA. Metalloproteinase and inhibitor expression profiling of resorbing cartilage reveals pro-collagenase activation as a critical step for collagenolysis. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006, 8(5), R142.
• Bigg HF, Wait R, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. The mammalian chitinase-like lectin, YKL-40, binds specifically to type I collagen and modulates the rate of type I collagen fibril formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006, 281(30), 21082-21095.
• Cawston TE, Wilson AJ. Understanding the role of tissue degrading enzymes and their inhibitors in development and disease. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology 2006, 20(5), 983-1002.
• Forrest IA, Murphy DM, Lordan JL, Pritchard G, Jones D, Robertson H, Cawston TE, Dark JH, Kirby JA, Ward C, Corris PA. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in clinically stable lung transplant recipients. In: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation: 25th Anniversary Meeting of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. 2005, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Elsevier Inc.
• Young DA, Lakey RL, Pennington CJ, Jones D, Kevorkian L, Edwards DR, Cawston TE, Clark IM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors modulate metalloproteinase gene expression in chondrocytes and block cartilage resorption. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2005, 7(3), R503-R512.
• Peake NJ, Khawaja K, Myers A, Jones D, Cawston TE, Rowan AD, Foster HE. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in paired sera and synovial fluids of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: relationship to inflammatory activity, MMP-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in a longitudinal study. Rheumatology 2005, 44(11), 1383-1389.
• Hui W, Barksby HE, Young DA, Cawston TE, McKie N, Rowan AD. Oncostatin M in combination with tumour necrosis factor alpha induces a chondrocyte membrane associated aggrecanase that is distinct from ADAMTS aggrecanase-1 or-2. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005, 64(11), 1624-1632.
• Young DA, Lakey RL, Pennington CJ, Jones D, Kevorkian L, Edwards DR, Cawston TE, Clark IM. Oncostatin M in combination with tumour necrosis factor alpha induces a chondrocyte membrane-associated aggrecanase that is distinct from ADAMTS aggrecanase-1 or -2. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2005, 7(3), R503-512.
• Hui W, Cawston TE, Richards CD, Rowan AD. A model of inflammatory arthritis highlights a role for oncostatin M in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced bone destruction via RANK/RANKL. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2004, 7(1), R57-R64.
• Forrest IA, Murphy D, Lordan JL, Pritchard GE, Jones D, Robertson H, Cawston TE, Dark JH, Kirby JA, Corris PA, Ward C. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in clinically stable lung transplantation. In: Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic Society. 2004, London: Thorax: BMJ Publishing Group.
• Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Ward C, Pritchard G, Jones D, Egan JJ, Cawston TE, Corris PA, Lordan JL. IL-17 stimulates IL-8 release in primary epithelial cell cultures derived from lung allografts. In: Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic Society. 2004, London: Thorax: BMJ Publishing Group.
• Rowan AD, Hui W, Cawston TE, Richards CD. Adenoviral gene transfer of interleukin-1 in combination with oncostatin M induces significant joint damage in a murine model. The American Journal of Pathology 2003, 162(6), 1975-1984.
• Cawston TE, Milner JM, Catterall JB, Rowan AD. Cytokine synergy, collagenases and cartilage collagen breakdown. In: Biochemical Society Symposia: Proteases and the Regulation of Biological Processes. 2003, London, UK: Portland Press.
• Milner JM, Rowan AD, Elliott SF, Cawston TE. Inhibition of furin-like enzymes blocks interleukin-1 alpha/oncostatin M-stimulated cartilage degradation. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2003, 48(4), 1057-1066.
• Myers A, Lakey R, Cawston TE, Kay LJ, Walker DJ. MMP-1 AND TIMP-1 IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND SIBLING CONTROLS. In: RHEUMATOLOGY. 2003, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND: OXFORD UNIV PRESS.
• Young-Min SA, Shakhapur S, Marshall N, Griffiths I, Cawston TE, Grainger AJ. Modified Larsen scoring of digitized radiographs in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 2003, 30(2), 238-240.
• Hui W, Rowan AD, Richards CD, Cawston TE. Oncostatin M in combination with tumor necrosis factor alpha induces cartilage damage and matrix metalloproteinase expression in vitro and in vivo. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2003, 48(12), 3404-3418.
• Cawston T, Wang H, Richards C, Rowan A. Synergistic interactions of proinflammatory cytokines with oncostatin M: implications for joint destruction. In: Arthritis Research & Therapy: 3rd World Congress of the Global Arthritis Research Network (GARN). 2003, Miyakazi, Japan: BioMed Central Ltd.
• Hui W, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 block collagen degradation induced by oncostatin M in combination with tumour necrosis factor alpha from bovine cartilage. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003, 62(2), 172-174.
• Vaidya B, Pearce SHS, Charlton S, Marshall N, Rowan AD, Griffiths ID, Kendall-Taylor P, Cawston TE, Young-Min S. An association between the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism and early rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune endocrinopathies. Rheumatology 2002, 41(2), 180-183.
• Vaidya B, Pearce SHS, Charlton S, Marshall N, Rowan AD, Griffiths ID, Kendall-Taylor P, Cawston TE, Young Min S. An association between the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism and early rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune endocrinopathies. Rheumatology 2002, 41(2), 180-183.
• Forrest IA, Ward C, Pritchard G, Rowan AD, Cawston TE, Corris PA. Co-localisation of MMP-9 with neutrophils in stable lung transplant recipients - A potential role in Bronchiolitis Obliterans. In: Thorax: Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic Society. 2002, London: BMJ Group.
• Cawston TE. Enzymes. Biological Sciences Review 2002, 15, 2-5.
• Koshy PJ, Henderson N, Logan C, Life PF, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Interleukin 17 induces cartilage collagen breakdown: novel synergistic effects in combination with proinflammatory cytokines. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2002, 61(8), 704-713.
• Cawston TE. Mechanisms of Joint Destruction and Therapeutic Approaches. Medicine 2002, 30(8), 27-31.
• Koshy PJT, Lundy CJ, Rowan AD, Porter S, Edwards DR, Hogan A, Clark IM, Cawston TE. The modulation of matrix metalloproteinase and ADAM gene expression in human chondrocytes by interleukin-1 and oncostatin M - A time-course study using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2002, 46(4), 961-967.
• Milner JM, Elliott SF, Cawston TE. Activation of procollagenases is a key control point in cartilage collagen degradation: Interaction of serine and metalloproteinase pathways. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(9), 2084-2096.
• Cawston TE, Koshy PJT, Rowan AD. Assays of matrix metalloproteinases against matrix substrates. Methods in Molecular Biology 2001, 151, 389-398.
• Young-Min S, Pearce SHS, Charlton S, Marshall N, Rowan AD, Griffiths ID, Kendall-Taylor P, Cawston TE, Vaidya B. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) exon 1 polymorphism in early rheumatoid arthritis. In: RHEUMATOLOGY. 2001, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND: OXFORD UNIV PRESS.
• Cunnane G, FitzGerald O, Beeton C, Cawston TE, Bresnihan B. Early joint erosions and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(10), 2263-2274.
• Milner JM, Elliot SF, Cawston TE. Inhibition of the serine proteinase furin blocks interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha)/oncostatin M (OSM) stimulated cartilage collagen degradation. In: British Society for Rheumatology XVIII Annual General Meeting and the British Health Professionals in Rheumatology Spring Meeting. 2001, Rheumatology: Oxford University Press.
• Hui W, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Insulin-like growth factor-1 blocks the release of collagen fragments from bovine nasal cartilage stimulated by oncostatin M in combination with interleukin-1. Annals Rheumatic Diseases 2001, 60(3), 254-261.
• Cleaver C, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Interleukin-13 blocks the release of collagen fragments from bovine nasal cartilage treated with proinflammatory cytokines by preventing pro-collagenase activation. Annals Rheumatic Diseases 2001, 60(2), 150-157.
• Young-Min SA, Cawston TE, Griffiths ID. Leader: markers of joint destruction: principles, problems and potential. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001, 60(6), 545-549.
• Cawston TE, Carrere S, Catterall J, Duggleby R, Elliott S, Shingleton WD, Rowan AD. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs: properties and implications for the treatment of chronc pulmonary disease. In: Chadwick, D., Goode, J.A, ed. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pathogenesis to Treatment. Chichester: Wiley, 2001, pp.205-228.
• Cawston T, Carrere S, Catterall J, Duggleby R, Elliott S, Shingleton B, Rowan A. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs: properties and implications for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Symposium on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pathogenesis to Treatment. 2001, London, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Hui W, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Modulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases by TGF-beta 1 and IGF-1 in primary human articular and bovine nasal chondrocytes stimulated with TNF-alpha. Cytokine 2001, 16(1), 31-35.
• Hui W, Rowan AD, Cawston T. Modulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 in primary chondrocytes stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha. In: British Society for Rheumatology XVIII Annual General Meeting and the British Health Professionals in Rheumatology Spring Meeting. 2001, Rheumatology: Oxford University Press.
• Harris JB, Cawston TE. Musculoskeletal pharmacology. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2001, 1(3), 279-280.
• Hui W, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Oncostatin M in combination with TNF synergistically induces expression and production of matrix metaollproteinases and promotes cartlilage breakdown. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(Supplement 9), S62 no. 57.
• Young-Min SA, Beeton C, Laughton R, Plumpton T, Bartram S, Murphy G, Black C, Cawston TE. Serum TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-1 in patients with systemic sclerosis, primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and in normal controls. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2001, 60(9), 846-851.
• Rowan AD, Koshy PJT, Shingleton WD, Degnan BA, Heath JK, Vernallis AB, Spaull JR, Life PF, Hudson K, Cawston TE. Synergistic effects of glycoprotein 130 binding cytokines in combination with interleukin-1 on cartilage collagen breakdown. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(7), 1620-1632.
• Catterall JB, Carrere S, Koshy PJT, Degnan BA, Shingleton WD, Brinckerhoff CE, Rutter J, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Synergistic induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 by interleukin-1 alpha and oncostatin M in human chondrocytes involves signal transducer and activator of transcription and activator protein 1 transcription factors via a novel mechanism. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(10), 2296-2310.
• Richards CD, Catterall JB, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Synergistic regulation of chondrocytes by IL-1 and oncostatin M (OSM) involves interaction of JAK/STAT, MAPKinase and c-jun activation. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001, 44(supplement), S112.
• Elliott SF, Cawston TE. The clinical potential of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in the rheumatic disorders. Drugs & Aging 2001, 18(2), 87-99.
• Rowan AD, Billington CJ, Knight CG, Cawston TE. Cartilage destruction in arthritis: Collagen and aggrecan-degrading proteinases. In: Conference on Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Development and Disease. 2000, Banff, Canada: Harwood Academic Publishers, Gmbh.
• Rowan AD, Billington CJ, Knight CG, Cawston TE. Cartilage destruction in Arthritis: Collagen and Aggrecan-degrading Proteins. In: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in development and diseases: proceedings of the Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases Conference. 2000, Banff, Canada: Harwood Academic.
• Clark IM, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors in the treatment of arthritis. Current Opinions in Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Investigative Drugs 2000, 2, 16-25.
• Bigg HF, McLeod R, Waters JG, Cawston TE, Clark IM. Mechanisms of induction of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) gene expression by all-trans retinoic acid in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor. FEBS Journal 2000, 267(13), 4150-4156.
• Clark IM, Bigg HF, Rowan AD, Edwards DR, Mann DA, Bahr MJ, Cawston TE. Regulation of human TIMP-1 Gene Expression. In: Tissue Inhibitors of metalloproteinases in development and disease: proceedings of the Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases Conference. 2000, Banff, Canada: Harwood Academic Press.
• Shingleton WD, Ellis AJ, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. Retinoic acid combines with interleukin-1 to promote the degradation of collagen from bovine nasal cartilage: Matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -13 are involved in cartilage collagen breakdown. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2000, 79(4), 519-531.
• Cawston, T.E., Koshy, P.J.T., Rowan, A.D. Assays of MMPs against matrix substrates. Methods in Molecular Biology 1999, Humana Press New Jersey. pp 389-398.
• Bigg HF, McLeod R, Waters J, Cawston TE, Nolan JF, Clark IM. Induction of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene expression by all-trans retinoic acid in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor involves both p42/44 and p38 MAP kinases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Therapeutic Applications 1999, 878, 506-509.
• Boyce S, Malhotra R, Worden J, Spaull J, Cawston TE, Sanchez-Ballester J, Stevenage PLPL. A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1999, 42(4), 735-741.
• Billington CJ, Clark IM, Cawston TE. An aggrecan-degrading activity associated with chondrocyte membranes. Biochemical Journal 1998, 336(1), 207-212.
• Pountain, G., Hazleman, B. and Cawston, T.E. Circulating levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptor in polymyalgia rheumatics and giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology 1998, 37, 797-798.
• Cawson TE. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs: properties and implications for the rheumatic diseases. Molecular Medicine Today 1998, 4(3), 130-137.
• Cawston TE. Mechanisms of joint destruction and therapeutic approaches. Medicine 1998, 26(5), 4-10.
• Ridley S.H., Sarsfield S.J., Lee J.C., Bigg H.F., Cawston T.E., Taylor D.J., Dewitt D.L., Saklatvala J. Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase - Regulation of prostglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases and IL-6 at different levels. J. Immunol 1997, 158, 3165-3175.
• Shingleton WD, Mackie EJ, Cawston TE, Jeffcott LB. Cartilage canals in equine articular/epiphyseal growth cartilage and a possible association with dyschondroplasia. Equine Veterinary Journal 1997, 29(5), 360-364.
• Shingleton WD, Hodges DJ, Brick P, Cawston TE. Collagenase: A key enzyme in collagen turnover. Biochemistry and Cell Biology: Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire 1996, 74(6), 759-775.
• Bigg, H.F. and Cawston, T.E. Effect of retinoic acid in combination with platelet-derived growth factor-BB or transforming growth factor-beta on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagenase secretion from human skin and synovial fibroblasts. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1996, 166, 84-93.
• Cunnane G, Summers C, Taylor D, Cawston TE, Bresnihan B, FitzGerald O. Elevated serum and synovial fluid levels of collagenase, stromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) in early inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1996, 39, 630-630.
• Jeffcott, L.B., Henson, F.M.D., Voute, L., Vidal, G.H., Shingleton, W.D., Schofield, P.N., Cawston, T.E., Davies, M.E. and Mackie, E. Equine osteochondrosis. Veterinary Record 1996, 138, 480-480.
• Cawston, T.E. Metalloproteinase inhibitors and the prevention of connective tissue breakdown. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996, 70, 163-182.
• Cawston, T.E. and Billington, C. Metalloproteinases in the rheumatic diseases. Journal of Pathology 1996, 180, 115-117.
• Riley GP, Harrall RL, Constant CR, Cawston TE, Hazleman BL. Prevalence and possible pathological significance of calcium phosphate salt accumulation in tendon matrix degeneration. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1996, 55(2), 109-115.
• Cawston, T.E. and Ellis, A.J. Retinoic acid and interleukin-1 together promote the release of collagen fragments from bovine nasal cartilage in culture. Molecular and Developmental Biology of Cartilage 1996, 785, 219-223.
• Riley GP, Harrall RL, Cawston TE, Hazleman BL, Mackie EJ. Tenascin-C and human tendon degeneration. The American Journal of Pathology 1996, 149(3), 933-943.
• Cawston TE, Riley GP, Hazleman BL. Tendon lesions and soft tissue rheumatism - Great outback or great opportunity?. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1996, 55(1), 1-3.
• Riley, G.P., Harrall, R.L., Watson, P.G., Cawston, T.E. and Hazleman, B.L. Collagenase (MMP-1) and TIMP-1 in destructive corneal disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eye 1995, 9, 703-718.
• Houseman M, Potter C, Marshall N, Lakey R, Cawston T, Griffiths I, Young-Min S, Isaacs JD. Baseline serum MMP-3 levels in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis are still independently predictive of radiographic progression in a longitudinal observational cohort at 8 years follow up. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012, 14(1), R30.
• Proctor CJ, Macdonald C, Milner JM, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. A computer simulation approach for assessing therapeutic intervention points to prevent cytokine-induced cartilage breakdown. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014, 66(4), 979-989.
• Hui W, Young DA, Rowan AD, Cawston TE, Proctor CJ. Investigating molecular mechanisms of ageing cartilage using computer simulation models. In: World Congress of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI). 2014, Paris, France: Elsevier Ltd.
• Cawston TE, Young DA, Rowan DD. Tissue destruction and repair. In: Hochberg MC; Silman AJ; Smolen JS; Weinblatt ME; Weisman MH, ed. Rheumatology: Sixth Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc, 2014, pp.152-159.
• Proctor CJ, Macdonald C, Milner JM, Rowan AD, Cawston TE. A computer simulation approach for testing possible interventions to ameliorate collagen release. In: British Society for Matrix Biology Autumn 2013 Meeting. 2013, Cardiff: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Wang H, Young DA, Cawston TE. Age-related knee joint cartilage changes in mice. In: Autumn Meeting of the British Society for Matrix Biology (BSMB). 2012, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Radwan MA, Gabrielides C, Rowan AD, Robinson JH, Cawston TE, Young DA. Involvement of pattern recognition receptors in poly(I:C)-mediated MMP-13 expression. In: Autumn Meeting of the British Society for Matrix Biology (BSMB). 2012, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Cawston T, Billington C, Cleaver C, Elliott S, Hui W, Koshy P, Shingleton B, Rowan A. The regulation of MMPs and TIMPs in cartilage turnover. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1999, 878, 120-129.
• Cawston T, Billington C, Cleaver C, Elliott S, Hui W, Koshy P, Shingleton B, Rowan A. The regulation of MMPs and TIMPs in cartilage turnover. In: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Therapeutic Applications. 1999, Tampa, Florida: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
• Cawston T, Billington C, Cleaver C, Elliott S, Hui W, Koshy P, Shingleton B, Rowan A. The regulation of MMPs and TIMPs in cartilage turnover. In: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Therapeutic Applications. 1999, Tampa, Florida, USA: New York Academy of Sciences.